Impact of new International Financial Reporting Standards
New and amended standards and interpretations already effective
The Company applied for the first time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017. The Company has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.
Although these new standards and amendments applied for the first time in 2017, they did not have a material impact on the annual consolidated financial statements of the Company. The nature and the impact of these changes to each new standard and amendment are described below:
Amendments to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows: Disclosure Initiative
The amendments require entities to provide disclosure of changes in their liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes (such as foreign exchange gains or losses). The Company has provided the information for both the current and the comparative period in Note 5.
Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes: Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealized Losses
The amendments clarify that an entity needs to consider whether tax law restricts the sources of taxable profits against which it may make deductions on the reversal of deductible temporary difference related to unrealized losses. Furthermore, the amendments provide guidance on how an entity should determine future taxable profits and explain the circumstances in which taxable profit may include the recovery of some assets for more than their carrying amount. However, their application has no effect on the Company’s financial position and performance as there are no deductible temporary differences or assets that are in the scope of the amendments.
New and amended standards and interpretations not yet effective
Except for IFRS 9 adopted in 2014, the Company has not early adopted any of the following standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued but is not yet effective.
IFRS 9 (2014) Financial Instruments
The Company adopted IFRS 9 (2013) in connection with its 2014 consolidated financial statements. IFRS 9 (2014) requires entities to apply an expected credit loss (ECL) model that replaces the IAS 39’s incurred loss model. The ECL model applies to debt instruments accounted for at amortized cost or at fair value through OCI, most loan commitments, financial guarantee contracts, contract assets under IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and lease receivables under IAS 17 Leases or IFRS 16 Leases.
IFRS 9 (2014) is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, and since the Company early adopted IFRS 9 (2013), no additional impact is expected
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014 and amended in April 2016, and establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The principles in IFRS 15 provide a more structured approach to measuring and recognizing revenue. The new revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS. IFRS 15 also requires additional disclosures about the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments.
The Company will adopt the new standard on the required effective date as of January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method of adoption, in order to provide for comparative results in all periods presented, recognizing the effect in retained earnings as of January 1, 2016.
During 2016, the Company performed a preliminary assessment of IFRS 15, which was continued with a more detailed analysis completed in 2017. The Company expects that the main impact of IFRS 15 is the timing of recognition of certain air travel-related services (“ancillaries”). Under the current accounting policy, certain ancillaries are recognized as revenue at the time of the booking by customer (or when the service is provided); under the new standard, those ancillaries will be recognized when the air transportation service is rendered (at the time of the flight). This change arises primarily because those ancillaries do not constitute separate performance obligations or represent administrative tasks that do not represent a promised service and therefore should be accounted for together with the air fare as a single performance obligation of providing passenger transportation. Also certain services provided to the Company’s customers that under the new standard qualify as variable considerations that will be recorded as reduction to revenues. The Company considers this accounting change will not have a material impact on its results of operations and financial position.
The Company also expects that the classification of certain ancillary fees in the statement of operations, such as advanced seat selection, fees charges for excess baggage, itinerary changes and other air travel-related services, will change upon adoption of IFRS 15 since they are part of the single performance obligation of providing passenger transportation. The Company expects that these revenues currently classified as non-ticket revenues, approximately Ps.5,915,263 in 2017 and Ps.4,758,074 in 2016, will be reclassified to passenger revenues.
The Company also evaluated the principal versus agent considerations as it relates to certain non-air travel services arrangements with third party providers. The Company expects that there will be no changes on revenue.
The Company has also identified and implemented changes to its accounting policies and practices, systems and controls, as well as designed and implemented specific controls over its evaluation of the impact of the new guidance on the Company, including a calculation of the cumulative effects, disclosure requirements and the collection of relevant data into the reporting process. While the Company is substantially complete with the process of quantifying the impacts from applying the new guidance, final impact assessment will be finalized during the first quarter of 2018.
IFRS 16 Leases
IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and it replaces IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease, SIC-15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease. IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees — leases of low-value’ assets (e.g., personal computers) and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less).
At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognize a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset).
Lessees will be required to separately recognize the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset.
Lessees will be also required to remeasure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognize the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.
IFRS 16 also requires lessees to make more extensive disclosures than under IAS 17.
IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Early application is permitted, but not before an entity applies IFRS 15. A lessee can choose to apply the standard using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. The standard’s transition provisions permit certain reliefs.
The Company is in process of completing an assessment of the potential impact of adopting IFRS 16. The adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on the accounting for leased aircraft, engines and other lease agreements, requiring the presentation of those leases with durations of greater than twelve months on the consolidated statement of financial position. The Company anticipates adopting the new standard using the full retrospective method, see Note 14 for more information on the Company’s lease agreements.
IFRS 2 Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions — Amendments to IFRS 2
In June 2016, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 2 Share-based Payment that address three main areas: the effects of vesting conditions on the measurement of a cash-settled, share-based payment transaction; the classification of a share-based payment transaction with net settlement features for withholding tax obligations; and accounting where a modification to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment transaction changes its classification from cash-settled to equity-settled.
On adoption, entities are required to apply the amendments without restating prior periods, but retrospective application is permitted if elected for all three amendments and other criteria are met. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early application permitted. The Company does not expect the amendments to have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements.
IFRIC 23 — Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments
IFRIC 23 clarifies the accounting for uncertainties in income taxes, the interpretation is to be applied to the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under IAS 12.
An entity has to consider whether it is probable that the relevant authority will accept each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, that it used or plans to use in its income tax filing; if the entity concludes that it is probable that a particular tax treatment is accepted, the entity has to determine taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits or tax rates consistently with the tax treatment included in its income tax filings.
IFRIC 23 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. Earlier application is permitted. The Company expects to adopt this interpretation at the effective date.