| cc) | Subsidiaries |
A subsidiary is an entity (including a structured entity) controlled by the Company. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give the Group the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee).
When the Company has, directly or indirectly, less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:
| • | the contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee; |
| • | rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and |
| • | the Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights |
The Company’s share of its subsidiaries’ post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in profit or loss, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognized in other comprehensive income. When the Company’s share of losses in a subsidiary equals or exceeds its interest in the subsidiary, the Company continues to recognize its share in the subsidiary’s loss proportionately.
Changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the parent losing control of the subsidiary (transactions with non-controlling interests) are accounted for as equity transactions, i.e. transactions with owners in their capacity as owner. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity.