| 2.17. | Current and deferred taxes |
The expense by current tax is comprised of income and deferred taxes.
The charge for current tax is calculated based on tax laws in force on the date of statement of financial position, in the countries in which the subsidiaries and associates operate and generate taxable income.
Deferred taxes are calculated using the liability method, on the temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their book values. However, if the temporary differences arise from the initial recognition of a liability or an asset in a transaction different from a business combination that at the time of the transaction does not affect the accounting result or the tax gain or loss, they are not booked. The deferred tax is determined using the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the consolidated financial statements close, and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realized or the deferred tax liability discharged.
Deferred tax assets are recognized when it is probable that there will be sufficient future tax earnings with which to compensate the temporary differences.
The tax (current and deferred) is recognized in income by function, unless it relates to an item recognized in other comprehensive income, directly in equity or from business combination. In that case the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income, directly in income by function or goodwill, respectively.