22. | Net gain or (loss) on financial instruments at FVTPL |
| | December 31, 2017 | | December 31, 2016 | | December 31, 2015 | | |||
Net (loss) gain on financial instruments at FVTPL | | | (732) | | | 1,481 | | | 645 | |
Net (loss) gain on investment funds | | | - | | | (4,364) | | | 5,086 | |
| | | (732) | | | (2,883) | | | 5,731 | |