| 30. |
Principal Subsidiaries |
Information on subsidiaries
The Group has 53 consolidated subsidiaries. The significant subsidiaries of the Group include the following subsidiaries:
| Percentage of ownership | ||||||||||||
|
Name |
Primary business |
Country of |
December 31, 2016 |
December 31, 2017 |
||||||||
|
LINE Business Partners Corporation(1) |
Online advertisement | Japan | 100.0 | % | — | |||||||
|
LINE Fukuoka Corp. |
Management support | Japan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Pay Corporation |
Software Development and mobile payment service |
Japan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Book Distribution Corporation |
Mobile Contents | Japan | 52.0 | % | 52.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Ventures Corporation |
Investment | Japan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE GAME Global Gateway, L.P. |
Investment | Japan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Life Global Gateway, L.P. |
Investment | Japan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Mobile Corporation |
Mobile virtual network operator |
Japan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
M.T. Burn Corporation |
Online advertisement | Japan | 50.5 | % | 50.5 | % | ||||||
|
Gatebox Inc.(2) |
IoT hologram technology development |
Japan | — | 51.0 | % | |||||||
|
BALIE Corporation(3) |
LINE@ distributor | Japan | — | 60.0 | % | |||||||
|
STAIRS Corporation(4) |
Game Development | Japan | — | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
LINE Friends Japan Corporation(5) |
Character goods business | Japan | — | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
LINE TICKET Corporation(6) |
Electronic ticket service |
Japan | — | 51.0 | % | |||||||
|
FIVE Inc.(7) |
Game Development |
Japan | — | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
LINE PLAY Corporation |
Content sales |
Korea | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Plus Corporation |
Global marketing | Korea | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE C&I Corporation |
Investment | Korea | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Biz Plus Corporation |
Mobile payment service | Korea | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Friends Corporation |
Character goods business | Korea | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Games Corporation(8) |
Game Development and Publishing |
Korea | — | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
NextFloor Corporation.(9) |
Game Development and Publishing |
Korea | — | 51.0 | % | |||||||
|
LINE UP Corporation(10) |
Global Marketing |
Korea | — | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
LINE Digital Technology (Shanghai) Limited. |
Social Media |
China | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Friends(Shanghai) Commercial Trade Co., Ltd.(11) |
Character goods business |
China | — | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
LINE Taiwan Limited |
Mobile Service |
Taiwan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
Line Biz+ Taiwan Limited |
Payment service |
Taiwan | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE BIZ+ PTE. LTD. |
Software Development and mobile payment service |
Singapore | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Company (Thailand) Limited(12) |
e-commerce |
Thailand | 50.0 | % | 50.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Euro-Americas Corp. |
Global marketing |
United States of America |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Friends Inc.(13) |
Character goods business |
United States of America |
— | 100.0 | % | |||||||
|
MixRadio Limited |
Music distribution |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
LINE Vietnam Co., Ltd(14) |
Online advertisement |
Vietnam |
95.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
|
PT. LINE PLUS INDONESIA |
Marketing |
Indonesia |
99.8 | % | 99.9 | % | ||||||
| (1) |
LINE Business Partners Corporation was merged with LINE Pay Corporation in December 2017 |
| (2) |
The Company acquired Gatebox Inc. (renamed from vinclu Inc. in July 2017) in April 2017, resulting in the 51.0% ownership. |
| (3) |
LINE Business Partners acquired the shares of BALIE Corporation in July 2017, followed by the merger of LINE Business Partners by LINE Pay Corporation in December 2017. As a result, the Group’s has 60.0% ownership of BALIE Corporation |
| (4) |
LINE Games Corporation acquired the shares of NextFloor Corporation. in July 2017, resulting in the Group’s 51.0% ownership. Additionally, in October, 2017, LINE Games Corporation acquired shares of STAIRS Corporation from NextFloor Corporations., resulting in an increase of the Group’s ownership in STAIRS Corporation from 51.0% to 100.0%. |
| (5) |
The Company established LINE Friends Japan Corporation and transferred its LINE Friends store business to LINE Friends Japan Corporation in September 2017. |
| (6) |
The Company established LINE TICKET Corporation with third-parties in September 2017, resulting in the 51.0% ownership of LINE TICKET Corporation by the Company. |
| (7) |
The Company acquired shares of FIVE Inc., resulting in FIVE Inc.to become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Group. |
| (8) |
The Company established LINE Games Corporation in June 2017. |
| (9) |
LINE Games Corporation acquired the shares of NextFloor Corporation. in July 2017, resulting in the Group’s 51.0% ownership. |
| (10) |
LINE Plus Corporation established LINE UP Corporation and transferred its game development business to LINE UP Corporation in November 2017. |
| (11) |
LINE Friends Corporation established LINE Friends (Shanghai) Commercial Trade Co., Ltd. in March 2017. |
| (12) |
The Group’s ownership in LINE Company (Thailand) Limited is 50.0%, but it holds 90.9% of the voting rights. Accordingly, LINE Company (Thailand) Limited is included in the scope of consolidation for the Group’s consolidated financial statements. |
| (13) |
LINE Friends Corporation established LINE Friends America, LLC in February 2017 and renamed it as LINE Friends Inc. in May 2017. |
| (14) |
LINE Plus Corporation acquired additional shares of LINE Vietnam Co., Ltd. in March 2017 from a third party, resulting in an increase of the Group’s ownership in LINE Vietnam Co., Ltd. from 95.0% to 100.0%. |
Ultimate parent company of the Group
The next senior and the ultimate parent company of the Group is NAVER, which is domiciled in Korea and listed on the Korean Stock Exchange.