Adoption of new and amended IFRS and IFRIC interpretations from January 1, 2017
Standards and interpretations adopted during the period
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• | Annual improvements for IFRS Standards 2014 - 2016 cycle |
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• | IAS 12 - Recognition of deferred tax assets for unrealized losses |
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• | IAS 7 - Disclosure initiative - statement of cash flows |
The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on these consolidated financial statements.
Standards and Interpretations issued and adopted in 2018
IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was issued by the International Accounting Standards Board on May 28, 2014. IFRS 15 amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition and is based on principles that govern the recognition of revenue at an amount an entity expects to be entitled when products or services are transferred to customers. IFRS 15 applies to an entity's first annual IFRS financial statements for a period beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption (the “modified retrospective method”). We are applying the modified retrospective method upon the date of transition. Our revenue is primarily generated from time charters, participation in pooling arrangements and in the spot market. Of these revenue streams, revenue generated in the spot market is within the scope of IFRS 15. Revenue generated from time charters and from pooling arrangements are within the scope of IFRS 16, Leases, which is discussed further below.
For vessels operating in the spot market, we are recognizing revenue ‘over time’ as the customer (i.e. the charterer) is simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits of the vessel. Under IFRS 15, the time period over which revenue is recognized has changed from the previous accounting standard. Prior to the commencement of IFRS 15, revenue from voyage charter agreements was recognized as voyage revenue on a pro-rata basis over the duration of the voyage on a discharge to discharge basis. In the application of this policy, we did not begin recognizing revenue until (i) the amount of revenue could be measured reliably, (ii) it was probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction would flow to the entity, (iii) the transactions stage of completion at the balance sheet date could be measured reliably, and (iv) the costs incurred and the costs to complete the transaction could be measured reliably. However, under IFRS 15, the performance obligation has been identified as the transportation of cargo from one point to another. Therefore, in a spot market voyage under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized on a pro-rata basis commencing on the date that the cargo is loaded and concluding on the date of discharge. Moreover, costs incurred in the fulfillment of a voyage charter are deferred and amortized over the course of the charter if they (i) relate directly to such charter, (ii) generate or enhance resources to be used in meeting obligations under the charter and (iii) are expected to be recovered.
The future impact of this standard will be dependent upon the number of vessels that are operating in the spot market, on voyage charters, at the end of each period. There were two vessels operating on voyage charters as of December 31, 2017, and the application of this standard would have resulted in a $0.2 million reduction in revenue and a $0.2 million reduction in voyage expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Standards and Interpretations issued yet not adopted
IFRS 16, Leases, was issued by the International Accounting Standards Board on January 13, 2016. IFRS 16 applies to an entity's first annual IFRS financial statements for a period beginning on or after January 1, 2019. IFRS 16 amends the definition of what constitutes a lease to be a contract that conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset if the lessee has both (i) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and (ii) the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. We have determined that our existing pool and time charter-out arrangements meet the definition of leases under IFRS 16, with the Company as lessor, on the basis that the pool or charterer manages the vessels in order to enter into transportation contracts with their customers, and thereby enjoys the economic benefits derived from such arrangements. Furthermore, the pool or charterer can direct the use of a vessel (subject to certain limitations in the pool or charter agreement) throughout the period of use.
Moreover, under IFRS 16, we are also required to identify the lease and non-lease components of revenue and account for each component in accordance with the applicable accounting standard. In time charter-out or pool arrangements, we have determined that the lease component is the vessel and the non-lease component is the technical management services provided to operate the vessel. Each component will be quantified on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of each lease component; and on the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components. These components will be accounted for as follows:
•All fixed lease revenue earned under these arrangements will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
•Lease revenue earned under our pool arrangements will be recognized as it is earned, since it is 100% variable.
•The non-lease component will be accounted for as services revenue under IFRS 15. This revenue will be recognized “over time” as the customer (i.e. the pool or the charterer) is simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits of the service.
We expect that the application of the above principles will not result in a material difference to the amount of revenue recognized under our existing accounting policies for pool and time-out charter arrangements.
IFRS 16 also amends the existing accounting standards to require lessees to recognize, on a discounted basis, the rights and obligations created by the commitment to lease assets on the balance sheet, unless the term of the lease is 12 months or less. Based on our operating fleet as of December 31, 2017, the standard will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and corresponding liabilities, on the basis of the discounted remaining future minimum lease payments, relating to our existing bareboat chartered-in vessel commitments that are currently reported as operating leases. We do not expect this standard to impact the accounting for our existing time chartered-in vessels which are scheduled to expire in the first quarter of 2019, however this standard will result in the recognition of right of use assets and corresponding liabilities for our three bareboat chartered-in vessels, which are scheduled to expire in April 2025. Furthermore, the eventual expected impact of this standard as it pertains to time or bareboat chartered-in vessels cannot be estimated as we are unable to predict what our lease commitments will be at December 31, 2018.
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, reduces the number of categories of financial assets to three and simplifies the rules regarding hedge accounting. It also changes the requirements for the classification and measurement of financial liabilities and for derecognition. In particular, it potentially changes the accounting for the modification of fixed rate financial liabilities measured at amortized cost such that when a fixed rate financial liability measured at amortized cost is modified without resulting in derecognition, a gain or loss should be recognized in profit or loss which is calculated as the difference between the original contractual cash flows and the modified cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, and we do not expect the impact of this standard to have a material impact on our financial statements.
Additionally, at the date of authorization of these consolidated financial statements, the following Standards which have not been applied in these consolidated financial statements were issued but not yet effective. We do not expect that the adoption of these standards in future periods will have a material impact on our financial statements.
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• | Amendment to IFRS 2 - Share Based Payment Transactions - clarifies the standard in relation to the accounting for cash settled share based payment transactions that include a performance condition, the classification of share based payment transactions with net settlement features and the accounting for modifications of share based payment transactions from cash settled to equity settled. Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. |
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• | IFRIC 22 - Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration - establishes the date for which to determine the exchange rate to use on the date of initial recognition of a non-monetary prepayment asset or deferred income liability. Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. |
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• | Amendment to IAS 40 - Investment Property - Amends IAS 40 paragraph 57 to state that an entity shall transfer a property to, or from, investment property when, and only when, there is evidence of a change in use. Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. |
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• | Amendment to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 - Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture. Clarifies the recognition of gains and losses arising on the sale or contribution of assets that constitute a business and assets do not constitute a business. The effective date is pending. |
