| (m) | Research and development costs |
Research costs are expensed as incurred. The Group received research and development subsidies of RMB 26,815 and RMB 60,817 (US$9,609) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 respectively.
Development expenditures on an individual project are recognized as an intangible asset when the Group can demonstrate:
| • |
The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale |
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Its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset |
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How the asset will generate future economic benefits |
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The availability of resources to complete the asset |
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The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development |
Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. Development costs are amortized over the period of expected future benefit. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, capitalized development expenditures are not amortized because the intangible asset has not been completed.