29. | The Nature of Expenses |
| (a) | Depreciation of property, plant and equipment |
| | For the years ended December 31, | | |||||||
| | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | |||
| | (in thousands) | | |||||||
Recognized in cost of sales | | $ | 31,660,279 | | | 34,305,760 | | | 42,558,430 | |
Recognized in operating expenses(i) | | | 4,140,951 | | | 4,228,015 | | | 4,293,057 | |
| | $ | 35,801,230 | | | 38,533,775 | | | 46,851,487 | |
(b) | Amortization of intangible assets |
| | For the years ended December 31, | | |||||||
| | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | |||
| | (in thousands) | | |||||||
Recognized in cost of sales | | $ | 628,606 | | | 1,159,465 | | | 892,566 | |
Recognized in operating expenses(i) | | | - | | | - | | | 1,796 | |
| | $ | 628,606 | | | 1,159,465 | | | 894,362 | |
(c) | Employee benefits expenses |
| | For the years ended December 31, | | |||||||
| | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | |||
| | (in thousands) | | |||||||
Salaries and wages | | $ | 37,818,321 | | | 33,283,639 | | | 34,161,791 | |
Labor and health insurances | | | 1,967,688 | | | 1,804,900 | | | 1,879,782 | |
Retirement benefits | | | 1,917,136 | | | 2,098,013 | | | 2,351,109 | |
Other employee benefits | | | 3,197,324 | | | 3,024,372 | | | 2,910,576 | |
| | $ | 44,900,469 | | | 40,210,924 | | | 41,303,258 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Employee benefits expense summarized by function | | | | | | | | | | |
Recognized in cost of sales | | $ | 34,703,579 | | | 30,950,614 | | | 32,781,145 | |
Recognized in operating expenses(i) | | | 10,196,890 | | | 9,260,310 | | | 8,522,113 | |
| | $ | 44,900,469 | | | 40,210,924 | | | 41,303,258 | |
(i) | Operating expenses are inclusive of selling and distribution expenses, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. |