30. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash and cash equivalents were comprised of the following:
| As at December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Cash | $ | 388,372 | $ | 457,686 | $ | 476,700 | ||||||
| Short-term investments (1) | 90,673 | 324,720 | 214,026 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 479,045 | $ | 782,406 | $ | 690,726 | ||||||
| (1) | Consisted of short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less or which are available on demand with no penalty for early redemption. |
Income taxes paid, net of income taxes received was comprised of the following:
| Years ended December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | (85,503 | ) | $ | (122,401 | ) | $ | (159,256 | ) | |||
| Income taxes received | 22,512 | 1,929 | 4,233 | |||||||||
| $ | (62,991 | ) | $ | (120,472 | ) | $ | (155,023 | ) | ||||
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest and interest received was comprised of the following:
| Years ended December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | (219,773 | ) | $ | (165,173 | ) | $ | (176,312 | ) | |||
| Interest received | 6,201 | 6,620 | 5,130 | |||||||||
| Capitalized interest | 18,324 | 6,292 | 9,268 | |||||||||
| $ | (195,248 | ) | $ | (152,261 | ) | $ | (161,914 | ) | ||||
The reconciliation of the liabilities arising from financing activities was as follows:
| Indebtedness | Satellite performance incentive payments | Capital leases | ||||||||||
| Balance as at January 1, 2017(1) | $ | 3,856,097 | $ | 75,985 | $ | 422 | ||||||
| Debt issue costs | (42,867 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Cash outflows | (31,620 | ) | (8,436 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs, interest rate floor and prepayment option | 14,988 | — | — | |||||||||
| Other | — | 18 | 2 | |||||||||
| Impact of foreign exchange | (253,221 | ) | (4,606 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2017 | $ | 3,543,377 | $ | 62,961 | $ | 369 | ||||||
| (1) Balance of the indebtedness as at January 1, 2017, included $4,459 of accrued debt issue costs associated with the November 2016 refinancing which were paid in 2017. |
| Indebtedness | Satellite performance incentive payments | Capital leases | ||||||||||
| Balance as at January 1, 2016 | $ | 4,063,221 | $ | 87,026 | $ | — | ||||||
| Cash outflows | (4,008,356 | ) | (8,934 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||||
| Cash inflows | 3,935,576 | — | — | |||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums | 12,971 | — | — | |||||||||
| Debt issue costs | (58,141 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Accrued debt issue costs | (4,459 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Write off of debt issue costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums | 41,183 | — | — | |||||||||
| Non-cash additions (1) | (16,910 | ) | — | 474 | ||||||||
| Other | (150 | ) | 573 | (2 | ) | |||||||
| Impact of foreign exchange | (113,297 | ) | (2,680 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2016 | $ | 3,851,638 | $ | 75,985 | $ | 422 | ||||||
| (1) Non-cash additions for the indebtedness includes $(25,581) relating to the interest rate floors on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and $8,671 relating to the prepayment option on the Senior Notes. |
| Indebtedness | Satellite performance incentive payments | |||||||
| Balance as at January 1, 2015 | $ | 3,545,679 | $ | 57,728 | ||||
| Non-cash additions | — | 24,003 | ||||||
| Cash outflows | (73,864 | ) | (6,702 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs, interest rate floors, prepayment option and premiums | 13,051 | — | ||||||
| Other | — | 627 | ||||||
| Impact of foreign exchange | 578,355 | 11,370 | ||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2015 | $ | 4,063,221 | $ | 87,026 | ||||
The net change in operating assets and liabilities was comprised of the following:
| As at December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Trade and other receivables | $ | (13,272 | ) | $ | (8,347 | ) | $ | 4,944 | ||||
| Financial assets | 3,975 | (2,521 | ) | (4,590 | ) | |||||||
| Other assets | 12,848 | 1,260 | (12,346 | ) | ||||||||
| Trade and other payables | 6,947 | 6,076 | (4,722 | ) | ||||||||
| Financial liabilities | (13,748 | ) | 551 | 8,396 | ||||||||
| Other liabilities | 51,502 | 103,618 | 11,666 | |||||||||
| $ | 48,252 | $ | 100,637 | $ | 3,348 | |||||||
Non-cash investing activities were comprised of:
| Years ended December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Satellites, property and other equipment | $ | 9,515 | $ | 13,776 | $ | 51,587 | ||||||
| Intangible assets | $ | (128 | ) | $ | 2,350 | $ | 11,569 | |||||