| l) | Investments in associates and joint arrangements |
Associates are entities over which Arauco exercises significant influence, but not control. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.
Joint arrangement is defined as an entity over which there is joint control, which exists only when the decisions about strategic of activities, both financial and operational, require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
Investments in joint arrangements are classified as a joint venture or as a joint operation. A joint operation is a joint arrangement in which the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (i.e. joint operators) have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. A joint venture is a joint arrangement in which the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (i.e., participants in a joint venture) have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.
Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method and are initially recognized at cost. Their carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognize the portion corresponding to the statement of profit or loss or to the statement of comprehensive income. Dividends received are recognized by deducting the amount received from the carrying amount of the investment. Arauco’s investment in associates includes goodwill (both net of any accumulated impairment loss).
The investments in joint operations are recognized through consolidation of assets, liabilities and results of operations in relation to Arauco's ownership percentage.
Investments in associates and joint ventures are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position in the line item “Investments accounted for using equity method”.
If Arauco’s share of losses of an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in the associate or joint venture, Arauco discontinues recognizing its share of further losses. After Arauco's carrying value in the investee is reduced to zero, additional losses are provided for, and a liability is recognized, only to the extent that Arauco has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture. If the associate or joint venture subsequently reports profits, Arauco resumes recognizing its share of those profits only after its share of the profits equals the share of losses not recognized.
