| n. | Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Group: |
Equity instruments:
An equity instrument is any contract that represents a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issuance costs.
Financial liabilities:
Financial liabilities at amortized cost of the Group consist of short-term credits, current maturities of long-term borrowing suppliers and service providers, borrowings and other payables, which are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, unless recognition of interest is immaterial.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating the interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability or, when appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount of the financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial liability (for example, prepayment, call and similar options). The calculation includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts.
When the Group revises its estimates of payments, it adjusts the carrying amount of the financial liability to reflect actual and revised estimated cash flows. The Group recalculates the carrying amount by computing the present value of estimated future cash flows at the financial liability’s original effective interest rate. The adjustment is recognised in profit or loss as a financial expense.
The Company has Consumer Price Index (“CPI”)-linked financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss. For these liabilities, the Company determines the effective interest rate as a real rate plus linkage differences according to the actual changes in the CPI through each balance sheet date. Rate of decrease in the Israeli CPI in 2016 was 0.3% (2015- decrease of 0.9%; 2014 - increase of 0.1%).
Buyback of notes and loans:
The Group derecognizes a financial liability from its statement of financial position when repurchasing its notes or its loans. The difference between the carrying amount of the notes or the loans repurchased at the repurchase date and the consideration paid is recognized in profit or loss.