| s. | Impairment of non-financial assets |
The Company examines the need to recognize an impairment of non-financial assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount is not recoverable. If the carrying amount of non-financial assets exceeds their recoverable amount, the carrying amounts is reduced to their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In measuring value in use, the estimated net operating future cash flows are discounted using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the risks specific to the asset. Impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss.
An impairment loss of an asset, other than goodwill, is reversed only if there have been changes in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. Reversal of an impairment loss, as above, shall not be increased above the lower of the carrying amount that would have been determined (less depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods and its recoverable amount. A reversal of an impairment loss of an asset measured at cost is recognized as income in profit or loss.
The following criteria are applied in assessing impairment for the following specific assets:
| 1. | Goodwill in respect of subsidiaries |
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated, at acquisition date, to each of the cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
The Group reviews goodwill for impairment once a year on December 31, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment has occurred.
Impairment test for goodwill is carried out by determining the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) to which the goodwill belongs. In certain circumstances for impairment test of goodwill, the recoverable amount is adjusted for the difference between the carrying amount of recognized deferred tax liability and its fair value. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (or group of cash generating units), to which goodwill has been allocated, is lower than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized and attributed first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill. Impairment losses recognized for goodwill cannot be reversed in subsequent periods. For additional information, refer to Note 14.
| 2. | Investments in associates and joint ventures |
After application of the equity method of accounting, the Group examines whether it is necessary to recognize any additional impairment loss with respect to investments in the associates or joint ventures. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value and value in use which is determined based on the estimated net cash flows to be generated by the associate or joint venture. Impairment loss, as above, is not attributed specifically to goodwill. Therefore, it may be reversed in full in subsequent periods, up to the recognized impairment loss, if the recoverable amount of the investment increases.