l) Impairment of intangible assets and PP&E
At least annually, the Company assesses whether there are any indicators of impairment of assets that are subject to amortization. Both internal and external sources of information are used for this purpose. Internal sources include, among others, obsolescence or physical damage of the asset, and significant changes in the use of the asset and the economic performance of the asset compared to estimated performance. External sources include, among others, the market value of the asset, changes in technology, markets or laws, increases in market interest rates and the cost of capital used to evaluate investments, and an excess of the carrying amount of the net assets of the Group over market capitalization.
The carrying value of an asset is considered impaired by the Company when it is higher than its recoverable amount. In that event, a loss shall be recognized in the statement of income.
The recoverable value of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. In calculating the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the evaluated asset.
Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable value of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable value of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The Company considers each legal entity of the Group as a cash-generating unit.
When the conditions that gave rise to an impairment loss no longer exist, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, up to the carrying amount that would have been recorded if no impairment loss had been recognized. The reversal of an impairment loss is recognized as income in the consolidated income statement.
Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life (including intangible assets under development or not ready to use) are not subject to amortization and are tested at least annually for impairment. The only intangible asset with an indefinite useful life held by the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is the PCS license (Argentina), which is entirely allocated to the Personal Mobile Service operating segment. Its recoverable amount is determined based on the value in use, which is estimated using discounted net cash flows projections.
For the years presented, the Company estimates that does not exist indicators of impairment of assets that are subject to amortization, with the exception of those related to process of modernization and replacement of its mobile network access technology in the Argentine Republic and a group of longstanding work in progress.
The net effects of the constitution and recovery of the mentioned impairments are recorded under “Impairment of PP&E” line item. Additional information disclosed in Note 22.