|   |  Equity-settled share-based expense  |  
  
  The Group has expensed the following Equity-settled share-based payment arrangements for the year ended 
 December 31
   
     |   |    |  Note |    |  2017 |    |    |  2016 |    |    |  2015 |    |  
  | Share option programmes |    |  23.1(a)  |    |    |  29  |    |    |    |  170  |    |    |    |  24  |    |  
  | Facilitation and advanced dividend loan modification |    |  23.1(b)  |    |    |  806  |    |    |    |  -  |    |    |    |  -  |    |  
  |   |    |     |    |    |  835  |    |    |    |  170  |    |    |    |  24  |    |  
  
    
 (a) Share option programmes
   
 The Omnibus Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (“OEICP”) was established for grants after 
 May 2015. 
Share options issued before 
 May 2015 
were issued in terms of the 
Rolling Stock Option Plan (“RSOP”), which was superseded by the OEICP
. 
In accordance with the OEICP, options are granted at an exercise price equal to 
the greater of volume weighted average trading price for the 
five
 days prior to grant or the closing price on the day immediately prior to the date of grant. The options 
vest according to dates set at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors at the date of grant. All outstanding option awards that have been granted, pursuant to the plan, vest immediately.
   Terms and conditions of share option programmes 
   
 The maximum term of the options under the OEICP is 
10
 years and under the RSOP 
5
 years. The terms and conditions relating to the grant of options under the RSOP are that all options are to be settled by physical delivery of shares. Equity settled share based payments under the OEICP will also be settled by physical delivery of shares. Under both plans the aggregate number of shares that 
 may 
be issued pursuant to the grant of options, or under any other share compensation arrangements of the Company, will 
not
 exceed 
10%
 of the aggregate issued and outstanding shares issued of the Company.
   
 At 
 December 31, 2017, 
the Company has the following options outstanding:
       | Number of Options |    |    |  Exercise Price |    |    |  Expiry Date |  
  |   |    |    |  Canadian $ |    |    |    |  
  |   |  5,000 |    |    |    |  4.00  |    |    |  Oct 8, 2020  |  
  |   |  18,000 |    |    |    |  11.50  |    |    |  Oct 13, 2021  |  
  |   |  5,000 |    |    |    |  8.10  |    |    |  May 30, 2022  |  
  |   |  28,000 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |  
  
    
     The continuity of the options granted, exercised, cancelled and expired under the Plan were as follows:
  
     |   |    |   |    |    |  Weighted Avg. Exercise Price |    |  
  |   |    |    |    |    |  Canadian $ *  |    |  
  | Options outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2015 |    |    |  513,184  |    |    |    |  5.55  |    |  
  | Expired or forfeited |    |    |  (88,000  |  ) |    |    |  5.55  |    |  
  | Granted |    |    |  23,000  |    |    |    |  3.65  |    |  
  | Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2015 |    |    |  448,184  |    |    |    |  5.40  |    |  
  | Expired or forfeited |    |    |  (232,200  |  ) |    |    |  6.50  |    |  
  | Granted |    |    |  18,000  |    |    |    |  11.50  |    |  
  | Exercised |    |    |  (141,704  |  ) |    |    |  4.15  |    |  
  | Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2016 |    |    |  92,280  |    |    |    |  5.85  |    |  
  | Granted |    |    |  5,000  |    |    |    |  8.10  |    |  
  | Exercised |    |    |  (69,280  |  ) |    |    |  4.50  |    |  
  | Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017 |    |    |  28,000  |    |    |    |  9.55  |    |  
  
    
 * Amounts stated after the 
1:5
 share consolidation, refer note 
19.
   
 The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding options is 
3.72
 years (
2016:
 3.08
 years; 
2015:
 2.46
 years).
   
 Inputs for measurement of grant date fair values
   The fair value of share-based payments noted above was estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model as the fair value of the services could 
not
 be estimated reliably. Service and non-market performance conditions attached to the arrangements were 
not
 taken into account in measuring fair value. The following assumptions were used in determining the fair value of the options:
   
     |   |    |  2017 |    |  2016 |    |  2015 |    |  2015 |  
  | Options granted |    |  *5,000  |    |  *18,000  |    |  90,000  |    |  25,000  |  
  | Grant date |    |  May 30, 2017  |    |  October 13, 2016  |    |  December 21, 2015  |    |  October 7, 2015  |  
  | Risk-free interest rate |    |  2.40%  |    |  0.53%  |    |  0.53%  |    |  0.53%  |  
  | Expected stock price volatility (based on historical volatility) |    |  118%  |    |  119%  |    |  41,2%  |    |  39,6%  |  
  | Expected option life in years |    |  3  |    |  5  |    |  5  |    |  5  |  
  | Exercise price |    |  * CAD 8.10  |    |  * CAD 11.50  |    |  CAD 0.74  |    |  CAD 0.80  |  
  | Share price at grant date |    |  * CAD8.10  |    |  * CAD 11.50  |    |  CAD 0.74  |    |  CAD 0.79  |  
  | Fair value at grant date |    |  * USD 5.81  |    |  * USD 9.45  |    |  USD 0.27  |    |  USD 0.27  |  
  
    
 On 
 May 30, 2017 
a grant of 
5,000
 share options was made to Mr. J Staiger, who provides investor relations services in continental Europe for the Company. The exercise price was determined as the prevailing Toronto Stock Exchange share price on the day of the grant. Expected volatility has been based on an evaluation of the historical volatility of the Company’s share price. The expected term has been based on historical experience. The share based payment expense relating to the grant amounted to 
$29.
   
 * Amounts stated after the 
1:5
 share consolidation, refer note 
19.
   
     (b) Facilitation and advance dividend loan modification
   
 On 
 June 23, 2017, 
the Group, Blanket Mine and the Indigenous Shareholders reached agreement to change the interest rate on the facilitation and advanced dividend loans from the previously agreed 
12
 month LIBOR + 
10%
 to the lower of a fixed rate of 
7.25%
 per annum, payable quarterly or 
80%
 of the dividends paid in the financial quarter. The modification was beneficial to the Indigenisation Shareholders and resulted in an equity-settled share-based payment expense of 
$806.
 The Monte Carlo simulation approach was followed to value the fair value of the Indigenisation Shareholders’ equity before and after the modification date. The fair value of the Indigenisation Shareholders’ equity was based on simulating the future Blanket Mine dividend yields.
   
 The following assumptions were used in determining modification of the expense:
  
     | Modification date |    |   |  
  | Blanket Mine dividend yield |    |  23.70%  |   -  |  89.88%  |  
  | Risk free interest rate |    |   |  
  | Group market capitalisation at grant date ($’000) |    |   |  
  
        |   |  Cash-settled share-based expense  |  
  
  The Group has expensed the following Cash-settled share-based payment arrangements for the year ended 
 December 31
   
     |   |    |  Note |    |  2017 |    |    |  2016 |    |    |  2015 |    |  
  | Restricted Share units and Performance Share Units |    |  23.2(a)  |    |    |  853  |    |    |    |  618  |    |    |    |  -  |    |  
  | Caledonia Mining South Africa employee incentive scheme |    |  23.2(b)  |    |    |  123  |    |    |    |  -  |    |    |    |  -  |    |  
  |   |    |     |    |    |  976  |    |    |    |  618  |    |    |    |  -  |    |  
  
    
 (a) Restricted Share units and Performance Share Units 
   Certain key management members were granted Restricted Share units (“RSU’s”) and Performance Share Units (” PSU’s”) pursuant to provisions of the 
2015
 Omnibus Equity Incentive Compensation Plan. All RSU’s and PSU’s were granted and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
   
 The RSU’s will vest 
three
 years after grant date given that the service condition of the relevant employees are fulfilled. The value of the vested RSU’s will be the number of RSU’s vested multiplied by the fair market value of the Company’s shares, as specified by the plan, on date of settlement.
   
 The PSU’s have a service condition and a performance period of 
three
 years. The performance condition is a function of production cost, gold production and central shaft depth targets on certain specified dates. The number of PSU’s that will vest will be the PSU granted multiplied by the Performance Multiplier, which will reflect the actual performance in terms of the performance conditions compared to expectations on the date of the award.
   
    RSU holders are entitled to receive dividends over the vesting period. Such dividends will be reinvested in additional RSU’s at the then applicable share price calculated at the average Bank of Canada noon rate immediately preceding the dividend payment. PSU’s have rights to dividends only after they have vested.
  
 The fair value of the RSU’s, at the reporting date, was based on the Black Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of the PSU’s, at the reporting date, was based on the Black Scholes option valuation model less the fair value of the expected dividends during the vesting period multiplied by the performance multiplier expectation. At the reporting date it was assumed that there is a 
94%
 probability that the performance conditions will be met and therefore a 
94%
 performance multiplier was used in calculating the estimated liability. The liability as at 
 December 31, 2017 
amounted to 
$1,782
 (
2016:$618
). Included in the liability as at 
 December 31, 2017 
is an amount of 
$311
 (
2016:Nil;
 2015:
 Nil
) that was expensed and classified as production costs, refer note 
8.
   
 The following assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of the cash settled share-based payment liability on 
 December 31:
   
        |     |     |  *2017  |     |     |     |  *2016  |     |  
     |     |     |   |     |     |     |   |     |     |     |  RSUs  |     |     |     |  PSUs  |     |  
  Fair value (USD)  |     |  $  |   |     |     |  $  |   |     |     |  $  |   |     |     |  $  |   |     |  
  Share price (USD)  |     |  $  |   |     |     |  $  |   |     |     |  $  |   |     |     |  $  |   |     |  
  Performance multiplier percentage  |     |     |   |     |     |     |   |  %  |     |     |   |     |     |     |   |  %  |  
  
    
       |   |    |  RSUs |    |    |  PSUs |    |    |  RSUs |    |    |  PSUs |    |  
  | Grant - January 11, 2016 |    |    |  60,645  |    |    |    |  242,579  |    |    |    |  60,645  |    |    |    |  242,579  |    |  
  | Grant - March 23, 2016 |    |    |  10,965  |    |    |    |  43,871  |    |    |    |  10,967  |    |    |    |  43,871  |    |  
  | Grant - June 8, 2016 |    |    |  5,117  |    |    |    |  20,470  |    |    |    |  5,117  |    |    |    |  20,470  |    |  
  | Grant - January 19, 2017 |    |    |  4,443  |    |    |    |  17,774  |    |    |    |  -  |    |    |    |  -  |    |  
  | RSU dividend reinvestments |    |    |  7,324  |    |    |    |  -  |    |    |    |  3,505  |    |    |    |  -  |    |  
  | Total awards at December 31 |    |    |  88,494  |    |    |    |  324,694  |    |    |    |  80,234  |    |    |    |  306,920  |    |  
  
    
 * Amounts are presented after the 
1:5
 share consolidation that took place on 
 June 26, 2017. 
All fractional entitlements due to the share consolidation were rounded down. RSU’s and PSU’s were all granted in 
2016
 and 
not
 applicable in 
2015.
   
  (b)
 Caledonia Mining South Africa employee incentive scheme
   
 In 
 July, 2017 
the Group granted 
37,330
 cash-settled share awards to certain employees based in South Africa. These cash-settled share awards will vest in 
3
 equal tranches on 
 November 30, 2017, 
2018
 and 
2019
 subject to the employees fulfilling their service condition. The cash-settled share-based payment liability was calculated based on the number of awards expected to vest multiplied by the Company’s Black Scholes option valuation fair value of 
£5.10
 at the reporting date. The liability relating to these cash-settled share based payment awards amounted to 
$44
 (
2016:Nil;
 2015:Nil
) and the expense amounted to 
$123
 (
2016:Nil;
 2015:Nil
) for the year ended 
 December 31, 2017. 
12,447
 of the cash-settled share awards vested on 
 November 30, 2017 
and an amount of 
$79
 was paid out to these employees.