| 2.7 | Financial instruments |
Financial assets
The Company recognizes a financial asset in its Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as follows:
As of the date of initial recognition, management classifies its financial assets: (i) at fair value through profit and loss (ii) Trade and other current receivables and (iii) hedging derivatives. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. For instruments not classified at fair value through Income, any cost attributable to the transaction is recognized as part of the asset’s value.
The fair value of instruments that are actively traded in formal markets is determined by the traded price on the financial statement closing date. For investments without an active market, fair value is determined using valuation techniques including (i) the use of recent market transactions, (ii) references to the current market value of another financial instrument of similar characteristics, (iii) discounted cash flows and (iv) other valuation models.
After initial recognition, the Company values the financial assets as described below:
Trade and other current receivables
Trade receivable credits or accounts are recognized according to their invoice value.
The Company purchases credit insurance covering approximately 90% and 99% of individually significant accounts receivable balances for the domestic market and the international market, of total trade receivable, respectively, net of a 10% deductible.
An impairment of accounts receivable balances is recorded when there is an objective evidence that the Company not will be capable to collect amounts according to the original terms. Some indicators that an account receivable has impairment are the financial problems, initiation of a bankruptcy, financial restructuring and age of the balances of our customers.
Estimated losses from bad debts are determined by applying different percentages, taking into account maturity factors, until reaching 100% of the balance in most of the debts older than 180 days, with the exception of those cases that in accordance with current policies, losses are estimated due to partial deterioration based on a case by case analysis. Impairment losses are recorded in the Consolidated Statemet of Income in the period incurred.
Current trade receivable credits and accounts are initially recognized at their nominal value and are not discounted because they do not differ significantly from their fair value. The Company has determined that the calculation of the amortized cost is not materially different from the invoiced amount because the transactions do not have significant associated costs.
Financial liabilities
The Company recognizes a financial liability in its Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as follows:
Interest-bearing loans and financial obligations
Interest-bearing loans and financial obligations are initially recognized at the fair value of the resources obtained, less incurred costs that are directly attributable to the transaction. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and obligations are measured at amortized cost. The difference between the net amount received and the value to be paid is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income over the term of the loan, using the effective interest rate method.
Interest paid and accrued related to loans and obligations used to finance its operations are presented under finance costs.
Interest-bearing loans and obligations maturing within twelve months are classified as current liabilities, unless the Company has the unconditional right to defer payment of the obligation for at least a twelve months after the closing date of the Consolidated Financial Statement.
Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are initially recognized at nominal value because they do not differ significantly from their fair value. The Company has determined that no significant differences exist between the carrying value and amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
Derivative Instruments
All derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value as of the date of the derivative contract and subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Gains and losses resulting from fair value measurement are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income as gains or losses due to fair value of financial instruments, unless the derivative instrument is designated as a hedging instrument.
Financial Instruments at fair value through profit and loss include financial assets classified as held for trading and financial assets which have been designated as such by the Company. Financial assets are classified as held for trading when acquired for the purpose of selling them in the short term. The fair value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting is immediately recognized in the consolidated statement of income under Other gains (losses). The fair value of these derivatives is recorded under Other financial assets and Other financial liabilities.
Derivative instruments are classified as held for trading unless they are classified as hedge instruments.
Derivative instruments classified as hedges are accounted for as cash flow hedges.
In order to classify a derivative as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes, the Company documents (i) as of the transaction date or at designation time, the relationship or correlation between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, as well as the risk management purposes and strategies, (ii) the assessment, both at designation date as well as on a continuing basis, whether the derivative instrument used in the hedging is highly transaction effective to offset changes in inception cash flows of the hedged item. A hedge is considered effective when changes in the cash flows of the underlying directly attributable to the risk hedged are offset with the changes in fair value, or in the cash flows of the hedging instrument with effectiveness between 80% to 125%.
The total fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as assets or financial liabilities in Other non-current if the maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months and as other assets or current liabilities if the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months. The ineffective portion of these instruments can be viewed in Other gains (losses) of the Consolidated Statements of Income. The effective portion of the change in the fair value of derivative instruments that are designated and qualified as cash flow hedges are initially recognized in Cash Flow Hedge Reserve in a separate component of Equity. The income or loss related to the ineffective portion is immediately recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The amounts accumulated in Equity are reclassified in Income during the same period in which the corresponding hedged item is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income. When a cash flow hedge ceases to comply with the hedge accounting criteria, any accumulated income or loss existing in Equity remains in Equity and is recognized when the expected transaction is finally recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income. When it is estimated that an expected transaction will not occur, the accumulated gain or loss recorded in Equity is immediately recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Deposits for returns of bottles and containers
Deposits for returns of bottles and containers corresponds to the liabilities registered by the guarantees of money received from customers for bottles and containers placed at their disposal and represents the value that will be returned to the customer when it returns the bottles to the Company in good condition along with the original invoice. This value is determined by the estimation of the bottles and containers in circulation that are expected to be returned to the Company in the course of time based on the historic experience, physical counts held by clients and independent studies over the quantities that are in the hands of end consumers, valued at the average weighted guarantees for each type of bottles and containers.
The Company does not intend to make significant repayment of these deposits within the next 12 months. Such amounts are classified within current liabilities, under the line Other financial liabilities, since the Company does not have the legal ability to defer this payment for a period exceeding 12 months. This liability is not discounted, since it is considered a payable on demand, with the original invoice and the return of the respective bottles and containers and it does not have adjustability or interest clauses of any kind in its origin.
