Financial instruments
Financial instruments are measured as set out below. Financial instruments carried on the consolidated statement of financial position include cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, available for sale financial assets, loans to and from subsidiaries and joint ventures and loans to minorities.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost. For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase and bank overdrafts. In the consolidated statement of financial position, bank overdrafts are included in borrowings in current liabilities.
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables are recognized initially at fair value. There is a rebuttable presumption that the transaction price is fair value unless this could be refuted by reference to market indicators. Subsequently, trade and other receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of receivables. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization, and default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable may be impaired. The amount of the provision is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate. The amount of the provision is recognized in mining and processing costs in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories. Available-for-sale financial assets are designated on acquisition. They are normally included in current assets and are carried at fair value. Where a decline in the fair value of an available-for-sale financial asset constitutes objective evidence of impairment, the amount of the loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income within other expenses, other movements in fair value are recognized in other reserves within equity.
Borrowings (including bank borrowings when applicable, loans from subsidiaries, joint ventures and minorities)
Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, which equates to the proceeds received, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the statement of comprehensive income over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the statement of financial position date.
Trade and other payables
Accounts payable and other short term monetary liabilities, are initially recognized at fair value, which equates to the transaction price, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
