i) Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified in the following categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, held-to-maturity, and available-for-sale financial assets. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. PagSeguro Group does not classify its financial assets as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale.
Derivatives are also categorized as measured at fair value through profit or loss unless they are designated as hedges.
Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognized at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the statement of income. Financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, current financial investments, note receivables, receivables from related parties, and other receivables.
Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, which may be as follows:
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
This category includes derivative financial instruments which do not meet the hedge accounting criteria defined by IAS 39.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are presented at fair value in the balance sheet, with the corresponding gains or losses recognized in the statement of income.
PagSeguro Group values its financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, as it intends to trade them within a short period of time. Reclassification to loans and receivables, available-for-sale financial assets or held-to-maturity investments depends on the nature of the asset. This valuation does not affect any financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss at initial recognition, which cannot be subsequently reclassified.
Derecognition
A financial asset or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets, is derecognized when:
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| The rights to receive cash flows from the asset expire; |
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| PagSeguro Group transfers its rights to receive cash flows from the asset, or assumes an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full to a third party under a “pass-through” arrangement; and (a) transfers virtually all the risks and benefits of the asset, or (b) neither transfers nor retains virtually all the risks and benefits of the asset, but transfers control of the asset. |
When PagSeguro Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset and has not transferred or retained substantially all the risks and benefits of the asset, this asset is recognized to the extent of PagSeguro Group's continuing involvement in the asset. In such case, PagSeguro Group also recognizes an associated liability.
The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that PagSeguro Group has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of the consideration that PagSeguro Group may be required to repay.
ii) Impairment of financial assets
PagSeguro Group assesses, at the balance sheet date, if there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired.
A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a “loss event”) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.
Evidence of impairment may include indication that the debtors are experiencing significant financial difficulty, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, and indication of a substantial decline in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in maturity dates or economic conditions related to default.
iii) Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, other financial liabilities, or as derivatives designated used for hedge, when appropriate. PagSeguro Group determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition.
Financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value and, in the case of other financial liabilities, plus directly related transaction costs.
Financial liabilities include payables to third parties, payables to third parties of related parties, trade payables, trade payables of related parties, borrowings, and other payables.
Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, which may be as follows:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include held-for-trading financial liabilities and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss at initial recognition.
Financial liabilities are classified as held-for-trading if acquired for sale in the short term. This category includes derivative financial instruments which do not meet the hedge accounting criteria defined by IAS 39.
Gains and losses on held-for-trading liabilities are recognized in the statement of income.
Other financial liabilities
After initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method, and are recognized in the statement of income.
Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. The effective interest rate amortization is included in “Financial expenses” in the statement of income.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation is discharged, canceled or expires.
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of income.
iv) Financial instruments - offsetting
Financial assets and liabilities are presented net in the balance sheet if, and only if, there is an existing and enforceable legal right to offset the amounts recognized and an intention to offset or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
v) Fair value of financial instruments
The fair value of financial instruments actively traded in organized markets is determined based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date, without a deduction of transaction costs.
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. These techniques include the use of recent arm's length transactions, reference to other similar instruments, discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation methods.