| 31. | Trade and other payables |
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
|
Payable to suppliers |
2,527,152 | 1,718,788 | ||||||
|
Taxes payable |
415,650 | 302,346 | ||||||
|
Accrued treasury share, universal service fund contribution and contributions to the ICTA’s expenses |
305,208 | 262,748 | ||||||
|
Accrued selling and marketing expenses |
79,011 | 58,879 | ||||||
|
4.5G license fees payable |
— | 1,522,615 | ||||||
|
Other |
369,445 | 236,615 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
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| 3,696,466 | 4,101,991 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
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Payable to suppliers arises in the ordinary course of business.
Taxes payables include VAT payables, special communications taxes payable, frequency usage fees payable to the ICTA and personnel income taxes payable.
The Company is obliged to pay the Undersecretariat of the Treasury (the “Turkish Treasury”) a monthly treasury share equal to 15% of gross revenue. Of such fee, 10% is paid to the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications of Turkey for a universal service fund. In addition, the Company pays annual contributions in an amount equal to 0.35% of gross revenue to the ICTA’s expenses.
Accrued selling and marketing expenses mainly result from services received from third parties related to the marketing activities of the Group but not yet invoiced.