| 31. | SHORT-TERM BANK LOANS |
| As at December 31, | |||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||
| Secured bank borrowings | 1,606,930 | 1,513,623 | |||||||
| Carrying amount repayable within 1 year | 1,606,930 | 1,513,623 | |||||||
The borrowings are fixed-rate and denominated in RMB.
| Bank loans | Amount USD | Period | Interest rate | Mortgage | Personal guarantee | ||||||||||||
| #1 | 459,123 | 4/6/2017 | 4/5/2018 | 6.09 | % | Land use right and buildings | Yan, Keyan/ Chen, Bizhen | ||||||||||
| #2 | 1,147,807 | 3/24/2017 | 3/21/2018 | 6.09 | % | Land use right and buildings | Yan, Keyan/ Chen, Bizhen | ||||||||||
| 1,606,930 | |||||||||||||||||