| 9. | Trade Accounts Receivable, Net |
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2017 | ||||||||||
| BRL | BRL | USD | ||||||||||
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Trade accounts receivables |
R$ | 215,716 | R$ | 134,039 | US$ | 40,519 | ||||||
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Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(1,722 | ) | (20,871 | ) | (6,309 | ) | ||||||
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Total trade accounts receivables,net |
R$ | 213,994 | R$ | 113,168 | US$ | 34,210 | ||||||
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The changes in the allowance for doubtful trade accounts receivable for years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 are as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2017 | |||||||||||||
| BRL | BRL | BRL | USD | |||||||||||||
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Balance at January 1 |
R$ | (1,385 | ) | R$ | (555 | ) | R$ | (1,722 | ) | US$ | (522 | ) | ||||
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Additions |
(5,833 | ) | (6,227 | ) | (25,443 | ) | (7,691 | ) | ||||||||
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Write-offs |
6,663 | 5,060 | 6,294 | 1,904 | ||||||||||||
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Balance at December 31 |
R$ | (555 | ) | R$ | (1,722 | ) | R$ | (20,871 | ) | US$ | (6,309 | ) | ||||
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Information about the Company’s exposure to credit and other market risks is included in note 19.