11. Intangible assets, net and goodwill
a) An analysis of intangible assets at December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 is as follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
Acquisitions | Acquisitions in business combinations |
Disposals and other |
Amortization of the year |
Effect of translation of foreign subsidiaries |
Balance at end of year |
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Licenses and rights of use |
Ps. | 174,795,094 | Ps. | 19,507,462 | Ps. | 448,364 | Ps. | 1,109,172 | Ps. | — | Ps. | (20,564,317 | ) | Ps. | 175,295,775 | |||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(91,231,249 | ) | — | — | (25,976 | ) | (7,419,551 | ) | 13,830,252 | (84,846,524 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
83,563,845 | 19,507,462 | 448,364 | 1,083,196 | (7,419,551 | ) | (6,734,065 | ) | 90,449,251 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Trademarks |
22,274,991 | — | 252,728 | 207,251 | — | 89,043 | 22,824,013 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(10,829,402 | ) | — | — | — | (936,606 | ) | 242,301 | (11,523,707 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net |
11,445,589 | — | 252,728 | 207,251 | (936,606 | ) | 331,344 | 11,300,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Customer relationships |
15,306,167 | — | 949,915 | 791,548 | — | 1,346,777 | 18,394,407 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(485,951 | ) | — | — | — | (3,452,760 | ) | (24,164 | ) | (3,962,875 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
14,820,216 | — | 949,915 | 791,548 | (3,452,760 | ) | 1,322,613 | 14,431,532 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Software licenses |
7,297,177 | 2,245,027 | 42,760 | (307,955 | ) | — | (494,241 | ) | 8,782,768 | |||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(1,510,514 | ) | — | — | 1,434,129 | (2,921,767 | ) | 573,554 | (2,424,598 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net |
5,786,663 | 2,245,027 | 42,760 | 1,126,174 | (2,921,767 | ) | 79,313 | 6,358,170 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Content rights |
1,862,030 | 768,888 | — | — | — | 3,609 | 2,634,527 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(158,555 | ) | — | — | — | (270,191 | ) | — | (428,746 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net |
1,703,475 | 768,888 | — | — | (270,191 | ) | 3,609 | 2,205,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Total of intangibles, net |
Ps. | 117,319,788 | Ps. | 22,521,377 | Ps. | 1,693,767 | Ps. | 3,208,169 | Ps. | (15,000,875 | ) | Ps. | (4,997,186 | ) | Ps. | 124,745,040 | ||||||||||||
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Goodwill (Note 12) |
Ps. | 140,903,391 | Ps. | 220,124 | Ps. | 711,723 | Ps. | — | Ps. | — | Ps. | (4,721,522 | ) | Ps. | 137,113,716 | |||||||||||||
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For the year ended December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
Acquisitions | Acquisitions in business combinations |
Disposals and other |
Amortization of the year |
Effect of translation of foreign subsidiaries |
Balance at end of year |
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Licenses and rights of use |
Ps. | 175,295,775 | Ps. | 9,129,949 | Ps. | 360,144 | Ps. | 1,269,478 | Ps. | — | Ps. | 56,684,016 | Ps. | 242,739,362 | ||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(84,846,524 | ) | — | — | — | (10,255,271 | ) | (31,606,303 | ) | (126,708,098 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
90,449,251 | 9,129,949 | 360,144 | 1,269,478 | (10,255,271 | ) | 25,077,713 | 116,031,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Trademarks |
22,824,013 | — | 101,655 | (13,820 | ) | — | 4,877,302 | 27,789,150 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(11,523,707 | ) | — | — | — | (330,576 | ) | (3,367,974 | ) | (15,222,257 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
11,300,306 | — | 101,655 | (13,820 | ) | (330,576 | ) | 1,509,328 | 12,566,893 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Customer relationships |
18,394,407 | — | 1,904,503 | — | — | 5,946,598 | 26,245,508 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(3,962,875 | ) | — | — | — | (3,231,518 | ) | (5,240,681 | ) | (12,435,074 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
14,431,532 | — | 1,904,503 | — | (3,231,518 | ) | 705,917 | 13,810,434 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Software licenses |
8,782,768 | 3,854,066 | 26,871 | (829,680 | ) | — | 1,040,771 | 12,874,796 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(2,424,598 | ) | (41,185 | ) | (8,367 | ) | 829,680 | (3,469,461 | ) | (9,809 | ) | (5,123,740 | ) | |||||||||||||||
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Net |
6,358,170 | 3,812,881 | 18,504 | — | (3,469,461 | ) | 1,030,962 | 7,751,056 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Content rights |
2,634,527 | 2,242,556 | — | (217,057 | ) | — | 216,272 | 4,876,298 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(428,746 | ) | — | — | (1,612 | ) | (2,236,141 | ) | — | (2,666,499 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
2,205,781 | 2,242,556 | — | (218,669 | ) | (2,236,141 | ) | 216,272 | 2,209,799 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Total of intangibles, net |
Ps. | 124,745,040 | Ps. | 15,185,386 | Ps. | 2,384,806 | Ps. | 1,036,989 | Ps. | (19,522,967 | ) | Ps. | 28,540,192 | Ps. | 152,369,446 | |||||||||||||
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Goodwill (Note 12) |
Ps. | 137,113,716 | Ps. | — | Ps. | 3,953,023 | Ps. | (356,832) | Ps. | — | Ps. | 11,922,728 | Ps. | 152,632,635 | ||||||||||||||
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For the year ended December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
Acquisitions | Acquisitions in business combinations |
Disposals and other |
Amortization of the year |
Effect of translation of foreign subsidiaries |
Balance at end of year |
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Licenses and rights of use |
Ps. | 242,739,362 | Ps. | 12,347,051 | Ps. | 53,923 | Ps. | (1,037,458 | ) | Ps. | — | Ps. | (6,689,054 | ) | Ps. | 247,413,824 | ||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(126,708,098 | ) | — | — | 244,564 | (11,879,489 | ) | 4,233,585 | (134,109,438 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net |
116,031,264 | 12,347,051 | 53,923 | (792,894 | ) | (11,879,489 | ) | (2,455,469 | ) | 113,304,386 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Trademarks |
27,789,150 | 127,823 | 82,868 | (29,804 | ) | — | 809,175 | 28,779,212 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(15,222,257 | ) | — | — | 34,464 | (3,179,461 | ) | (474,151 | ) | (18,841,405 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
12,566,893 | 127,823 | 82,868 | 4,660 | (3,179,461 | ) | 335,024 | 9,937,807 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Customer relationships |
26,245,508 | — | 512,667 | (882,338 | ) | — | 1,109,877 | 26,985,714 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(12,435,074 | ) | — | — | 882,338 | (3,769,777 | ) | (806,982 | ) | (16,129,495 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
13,810,434 | — | 512,667 | — | (3,769,777 | ) | 302,895 | 10,856,219 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Software licenses |
12,874,796 | 3,351,200 | — | (1,698,118 | ) | — | 527,720 | 15,055,598 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(5,123,740 | ) | — | — | 1,212,669 | (3,699,363 | ) | (204,727 | ) | (7,815,161 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
7,751,056 | 3,351,200 | — | (485,449 | ) | (3,699,363 | ) | 322,993 | 7,240,437 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Content rights |
4,876,298 | 2,099,084 | — | (63,137 | ) | — | (194,803 | ) | 6,717,442 | |||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(2,666,499 | ) | — | — | (195,658 | ) | (1,820,092 | ) | 165,584 | (4,516,665 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
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Net |
2,209,799 | 2,099,084 | — | (258,795 | ) | (1,820,092 | ) | (29,219 | ) | 2,200,777 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total of intangibles, net |
Ps. | 152,369,446 | Ps. | 17,925,158 | Ps. | 649,458 | Ps. | (1,532,478 | ) | Ps. | (24,348,182 | ) | Ps. | (1,523,776 | ) | Ps. | 143,539,626 | |||||||||||
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Goodwill (Note 12) |
Ps. | 152,632,635 | Ps. | — | Ps. | 951,348 | Ps. | (134,525 | ) | Ps. | — | Ps. | (1,986,226 | ) | Ps. | 151,463,232 | ||||||||||||
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b) The aggregate carrying amount of goodwill is allocated as follows:
December 31, | ||||||||
2016 | 2017 | |||||||
Europe (7 countries) |
Ps. | 52,207,877 | Ps. | 53,143,542 | ||||
Brazil (Fixed, wireless and TV) |
26,106,623 | 24,708,740 | ||||||
Puerto Rico |
17,463,393 | 17,463,394 | ||||||
Dominican Republic |
14,186,724 | 14,186,723 | ||||||
Mexico (includes Telmex) |
9,936,857 | 9,852,912 | ||||||
Ecuador |
2,155,385 | 2,155,385 | ||||||
Peru |
3,792,950 | 3,958,110 | ||||||
El Salvador |
2,510,596 | 2,510,577 | ||||||
Chile |
2,758,653 | 2,834,134 | ||||||
Colombia |
14,659,892 | 13,981,033 | ||||||
Other countries |
6,853,685 | 6,668,682 | ||||||
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Ps. | 152,632,635 | Ps. | 151,463,232 | |||||
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c) The following is a description of the major changes in the”Licenses and rights of use” caption during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017:
2015 Acquisitions
i) In October 2015, Radiomóvil Dipsa renewed a license to provide cellular service in the 800 MHz frequency band. The frequency band expires in 2030. The amount paid was Ps. 1,007,410.
ii) In May 2015, Claro Ecuador acquired licenses related to 4G/LTE services. The frequency band expires in 2023. The amount paid was Ps. 2,861,060.
iii) In 2015, Claro Brasil obtained renewals related with the frequency bands of national 700Mhz. Funding for these procedures must be transmitted by operators in four annual installments adjusted by the IGP-ID of Ps. 4,412,730 (R$ 1,001,414) for which the corresponding renewal was performed.
iv) In November 2015, Vipnet located in Croatia acquired 2 x 3 MHz and 2 x 4.8 MHz in the 1.800 MHz spectrum for EUR 18,513. Vipnet already holds 2 x 29.4 MHz in the lower frequency band (below 1 GHz), 2 x 25.0 in the higher frequency band (above 1 GHz) as well as 5.0 MHz TDD spectrum. The amount paid was Ps. 321,915.
v) In November 2015, Vip mobile, the Serbian subsidiary acquired 2 x 5 MHz of the 800 MHz spectrum. The new spectrum will be used by VIP mobile for the LTE rollout and will enhance the high-speed data service in rural areas as well as data usage in connection with smartphones. Vip mobile already holds a 2 x 4.2 MHz in the lower frequency band (below 1 GHz) as well as 2 x 45.0 MHz in the higher frequency band (above 1 GHz). The amount paid was Ps. 1,129,988 (EUR 60,942).
As a part of the business combinations, the Company recognized licenses for an amount of Ps. 448,364. The Company holds licenses provided by the regulatory authorities in those jurisdictions. These licenses are estimated to have a remaining useful life of 10 years.
vi) In 2015, Argentina paid Ps. 5,599,745 (AR$ 3,269,312) for the acquisition of 4G licenses to increase the service throughout the country.
vii) Additionally the Company acquired other licenses in Puerto Rico, Panama and others countries in the amount of Ps. 4,174,614.
2016 Acquisitions
i) In February 2016, the Company´s subsidiary in Paraguay was granted with the use of 30 MHz of spectrum in the 1700/2100 Mhz frequency. The total cost was Ps. 830,719 (US$ 46,000).
ii) In February 2016, the Company through its subsidiary Radiomóvil Dipsa, S.A. de C.V. (Telcel), acquired through an auction a total of 20MHz in the national wide AWS-1 band and 40 MHz in the AWS-3 band. The concession expires in October 2030. The Company paid an amount of Ps. 2,098,060.
iii) In May 2016, Mtel, located in Bulgaria, acquired 2 x 5 MHz in the 1,800-MHz spectrum for Ps. 135,441 (EUR 6,212). During 2016, Telekom Austria paid Ps. 410,713 (EUR 18,837) for the renewals referring to an obligation obtained from concessions granted in previous years.
iv) On May 26, 2016, the Company’s subsidiary in Peru acquired spectrum in a public auction of the 700 MHz band. The frequency band expires in 2036. The cost of the spectrum was Ps. 5,627,316 (PEN$. 1,002,523).
v) In July 2016, Ecuador Telecom acquired a license to operate TV in Ecuador for a period that ends in 2031. The amount paid was Ps. 27,700 (US$ 1,500).
2017 Acquisitions
i) In 2017, Claro Brasil increased its licenses value by Ps. 3,592,034 due to the cleaning process of the 700 MHz national frequency acquired in September 2014.
ii) On February 24, 2017 Radiomóvil Dipsa renewed its 8.4 MHz national license by paying Ps. 917,431, and on July 14, 2017, it acquired 43 concession titles for frequencies of 2.5 GHz in the amount of Ps. 5,305,498.
iii) Additionally in 2017, the Company acquired other licenses in Chile, Europe, Uruguay and others countries in the amount of Ps. 2,532,088.
Amortization of intangibles for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 amounted to Ps. 15,000,875, Ps. 19,522,968 and Ps. 24,348,182, respectively.
In September 2017, the Company decided to consolidate the brands in Telekom Austria Group. Depending on the respective markets, the Austrian brand “A1” will be rolled out to all the subsidiaries through the third quarter 2019, at the latest, and the local brands are amortized accordingly.
Some of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates can revoke their concessions under certain circumstances such as imminent danger to national security, national economy and natural disasters.