Income taxes
Current income taxes are determined on the basis of estimated taxable income. The estimated liability is included in “Income taxes payable”. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation authorities, using tax rates and the tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and their tax bases, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted for future years. Deferred tax assets are recognized when their recoverability is considered probable; in particular, deferred tax assets are recoverable when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in the same year as the reversal of the deductible temporary difference. Similarly, deferred tax assets for the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses are recognized to the extent that their recoverability is probable. Income tax assets that are uncertain in the amount to be recovered are recognized in accordance to the probable threshold.
Relating to the taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint arrangements, the related deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if the investor is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in non-current assets and liabilities and are offset at a single entity level if related to off-settable taxes. The balance of the offset, if positive, is recognized in the line item “Deferred tax assets”, if negative, in the line item “Deferred tax liabilities”. When the results of transactions are recognized directly in shareholders’ equity, the related current and deferred taxes are also charged to the shareholders’ equity.