| (b) |
Foreign currency |
The financial statements of entities within the consolidated group that have a functional currency different from that of the Company (“foreign operations”) are translated into Canadian dollars as follows: assets and liabilities – at the closing rate as at the balance sheet date, and income and expenses – at the average rate of the period (as this is considered a reasonable approximation to actual rates). All resulting changes are recognized in other comprehensive loss as cumulative translation differences.
When the Company disposes of its entire interests in a foreign operation, or loses control, joint control, or significant influence over a foreign operation, the foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive loss related to the foreign operation are recognized in profit or loss. If an entity disposes of part of an interest in a foreign operation which remains a subsidiary, a proportionate amount of foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income related to the subsidiary are reallocated between controlling and non-controlling interests.
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Foreign currency differences arising on translation are recognized in profit or loss. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the functional currency exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Non- monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.
Exchange differences recognized in the profit or loss statement of the Company’s entities’ separate financial statements on the translation of monetary items forming part of the Company’s net investment in the foreign operation are reclassified to foreign exchange reserve on consolidation.