| (5) |
Foreign Currencies |
| (a) |
Foreign currency transactions |
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency using the reporting date’s exchange rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transactions. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined.
Foreign currency differences arising on retranslation are recognized in profit or loss, except for differences arising on the retranslation of available-for-sale equity instruments, financial liabilities designated as a hedge of the net investment in a foreign operation, or qualifying cash flow hedges, which are recognized in other comprehensive income.
| (b) |
Foreign operations |
If the presentation currency of the Group is different from a foreign operation’s functional currency, the financial statements of the foreign operation are translated into the presentation currency using the following methods:
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, whose functional currency is not the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, are translated to presentation currency at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to the presentation currency at the average foreign exchange rates for the reporting period. Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.
When a foreign operation is disposed of, the relevant amount after the translation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of profit or loss on disposal. In the event that a partial disposal does not lead to a loss of control in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the relevant proportion of such cumulative amount is reattributed to non-controlling interest. For partial disposals that involve the loss of control in a foreign operation, the relevant proportion is reclassified to profit or loss.