Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Tangible components related to natural and environmental resources are part of property, plant and equipment.
The initial cost of an assets comprises its purchase price or construction cost, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, costs of employee benefits arising directly from the construction or acquisition, borrowing costs incurred that are attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets and the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and abandonment of the item.
Spare parts and servicing equipment are recorded as inventories and recognized as an expense as they are used. Major spare parts and stand-by equipment that the entity expects to use during more than one period are recognized as property, plant and equipment.
Any gain or loss arising from the disposal of a property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss of the period.
Subsequent disbursements
Subsequent disbursements correspond to all payments to be made on existing assets in order to increase or extend the initial expected useful life, increase productivity or productive efficiency, allow for significant reduction of operating costs, increase the level of reserves in exploration or production areas or replace a part or component of an asset that is considered critical for the operation.
The costs of repair, conservation and maintenance of a day to day nature are expensed as incurred. However, disbursements related to major maintenance are capitalized.
Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method, except for those associated with exploration and production activities which are depreciated using the units-of-production method. Technical useful lives are updated annually considering factors such as: additions or improvements (due to parts replacement or critical components for the asset’s operation), technological advances, obsolescence and other factors; the effect of this change is recognized from the period in which it was executed. Depreciation of an asset starts when it is ready to be used.
Useful lives are determined based on the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use, physical exhaustion, technical or commercial obsolescence and legal limits or restrictions over the use of the asset.
Land is recorded separately from buildings and facilities and is not subject to depreciation.
