DXI Energy Inc. | CIK:0001323838 |

ifrs-full:DisclosureOfSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesExplanatory

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements and have been applied consistently by the Company’s entities.

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and subsidiaries controlled by the Company. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which the Company obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases. All intra-group balances, transactions, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation.

The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared using the same reporting period as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies.

Exploration, development, and production activities may be conducted jointly with others and accordingly, the Company accounts for the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses related to its interest in the joint operations from the date that joint control commences until the date that it ceases.

The financial statements of entities within the consolidated group that have a functional currency different from that of the Company (“foreign operations”) are translated into Canadian dollars as follows: assets and liabilities – at the closing rate as at the balance sheet date, and income and expenses – at the average rate of the period (as this is considered a reasonable approximation to actual rates). All resulting changes are recognized in other comprehensive loss as cumulative translation differences.

When the Company disposes of its entire interests in a foreign operation, or loses control, joint control, or significant influence over a foreign operation, the foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive loss related to the foreign operation are recognized in profit or loss. If an entity disposes of part of an interest in a foreign operation which remains a subsidiary, a proportionate amount of foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income related to the subsidiary are reallocated between controlling and non-controlling interests.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Foreign currency differences arising on translation are recognized in profit or loss. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the functional currency exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Non- monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.

Exchange differences recognized in the profit or loss statement of the Company’s entities’ separate financial statements on the translation of monetary items forming part of the Company’s net investment in the foreign operation are reclassified to foreign exchange reserve on consolidation.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments having maturity dates of three months or less from the date of acquisition that are readily convertible to cash.

Exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) costs

Pre-license costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

E&E costs are initially capitalized as either tangible or intangible E&E assets according to the nature of the assets acquired. Intangible E&E assets may include costs of license acquisition, technical services and studies, seismic acquisition, exploration drilling and testing, and directly attributable overhead and administration expenses. The costs are accumulated in cost centers by well, field or exploration area pending determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability.

E&E assets are assessed for impairment if sufficient data exists to determine technical feasibility and commercial viability or facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. For purposes of impairment testing, E&E assets are assessed at the individual asset level. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, exploration and evaluation assets are allocated to cash-generating units (“CGU’s”). Such CGU’s are not larger than an operating segment.

Exploration assets are not depleted and are carried forward until technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource is considered to be determinable or sufficient/continued progress is made in assessing the commercial viability of the E&E assets. The technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource is considered to be determinable when proven reserves are determined to exist. A review of each exploration license or field is carried out, at least annually, to confirm whether the Company intends further appraisal activity or to otherwise extract value from the property. When this is no longer the case, the costs are written off. Upon determination of proven reserves, E&E assets attributable to those reserves are first tested for impairment and then reclassified from E&E assets to oil and natural gas properties.

The Company may occasionally enter into arrangements, whereby the Company will transfer part of an oil and gas interest, as consideration, for an agreement by the transferee to meet certain E&E expenditures which would have otherwise been undertaken by the Company. The Company does not record any expenditures made by the transferee. Any cash consideration received from the agreement is credited against the costs previously capitalized to the oil and gas interest given up by the Company, with any excess cash accounted for as a gain on disposal.

Oil and gas properties and other property and equipment costs

Items of property and equipment, which include oil and gas development and production assets, are measured at cost less accumulated depletion and depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of the decommissioning obligation and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. When significant parts of an item of property and equipment, including oil and natural gas interests, have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components).

Depletion and Depreciation

Oil and gas development and production assets are depreciated, by significant component, on a unit-of-production basis over proved and probable reserve volumes, taking into account estimated future development costs necessary to bring those reserves into production. Future development costs are estimated by taking into account the level of development required to produce the reserves. These estimates are reviewed by independent reserve engineers at least annually. Changes in reserve estimates are dealt with prospectively. Proved and probable reserves are estimated using independent reserve engineer reports and represent the estimated quantities of oil, natural gas and gas liquids.

Other property and equipment are depreciated based on a declining balance basis, which approximates the estimated useful lives of the asset, at the following rates:

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. Other property and equipment are allocated to each of the Company’s primary cash-generating units, based on estimated future net revenue, consistent with the recoverable values applied in the most recent impairment test.

Derecognition

The carrying amount of an item of property and equipment is derecognized on disposal, when no beneficial interest is retained, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from derecognition is included in profit or loss when the item is derecognized and is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item. The date of disposal is the date when the Company is no longer subject to the risks of ownership and is no longer the beneficiary of the rewards of ownership. Where the asset is derecognized, the date of disposal coincides with the date the revenue from the sale of the asset is recognized.

On the disposition of an undivided interest in a property, where an economic benefit remains, the Company recognizes the farm out only on the receipt of consideration by reducing the carrying amount of the related property with any excess recognized in profit or loss of the period.

Major maintenance and repairs

The costs of day-to-day servicing are expensed as incurred. These primarily include the costs of labor, consumables and small parts. Material costs of replaced parts, turnarounds and major inspections are capitalized as it is probable that future economic benefits will be received. The carrying value of a replaced part is derecognized in accordance with the derecognition principles above.

Jointly controlled operations

The Company conducts its oil and gas development and production activities through jointly controlled operations and the accounts reflect only its interest in such activities. A joint arrangement exists where the parties take their share of the output and is accounted for by recognizing the Company’s share of assets and liabilities jointly owned and incurred, and the recognition of its share of revenue and expenses of the joint operation. At December 31, 2017, the Company’s material joint operation in Canada is Drake/Woodrush. The principal activity is oil and gas production and the ownership percentage is 99% (December 31, 2016 – 99%).

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the liability.

Decommissioning liability

A decommissioning liability is recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made. A corresponding amount equivalent to the provision is also recognized as part of the cost of the related asset. The amount recognized is management’s estimated cost of decommissioning, discounted to its present value using a risk free rate. Changes in the estimated timing of decommissioning or decommissioning cost estimates are dealt with prospectively by recording an adjustment to the provision and a corresponding adjustment to the related asset unless the change arises from production. The unwinding of the discount on the decommissioning provision is included as a finance cost. Actual costs incurred upon settlement of the decommissioning liability are charged against the provision to the extent the provision was established.

Basic earnings (loss) per share figures have been calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods.

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss applicable to common shares by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding and all additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive instruments were converted. The diluted earnings (loss) per share figure is equal to that of basic earnings (loss) per share since the effects of options and warrants have been excluded as they are anti-dilutive.

Where equity-settled share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to profit or loss over the vesting period. Performance vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each reporting date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognized over the vesting period is based on the number of options that will eventually vest. Where equity instruments are granted to employees, they are recorded at the instruments grant date fair value.

Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to profit or loss over the remaining vesting period.

Where equity instruments are granted to non-employees, they are recorded at the fair value of the goods or services received in profit or loss, unless they are related to the issuance of shares. Amounts related to the issuance of shares are recorded as a reduction of share capital.

When the value of goods or services received in exchange for the share-based payment to non-employees cannot be reliably estimated, the fair value of the share-based payment is measured by use of a valuation model to measure the value of the equity instruments issued. The expected life used in the model is adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, and behavioural considerations.

All equity-settled share based payments are reflected in contributed surplus, until exercised. Upon exercise, shares are issued from treasury and the amount reflected in contributed surplus is credited to share capital along with any consideration received.

Where a grant of options is cancelled or settled during the vesting period, excluding forfeitures when vesting conditions are not satisfied, the Company immediately accounts for the cancellation as an acceleration of vesting and recognizes the amount that otherwise would have been recognized for services received over the remainder of the vesting period. Any payment made to the employee on the cancellation is accounted for as the repurchase of an equity interest except to the extent the payment exceeds the fair value of the equity instrument granted, measured at the repurchase date. Any such excess is recognized as an expense.

Revenue from the sale of oil and petroleum products is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred, which is when title passes to the customer. This generally occurs when the product is physically transferred into a vessel, pipe or other delivery mechanism. Revenue is stated after deducting sales taxes, excise duties and similar levies.

Revenue from the production of oil and natural gas in which the Company has an interest with other producers is recognized based on the Company’s working interest and the terms of the relevant production sharing contracts.

Financial assets

Financial assets are classified as one of the following categories. All transactions related to financial instruments are recorded on a trade date basis. The Company's accounting policy for each category is as follows:

Loans and receivables

These assets are non-derivative financial assets resulting from the delivery of cash or other assets by a lender to a borrower in return for a promise to repay on a specified date or dates, or on demand. They are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition or issue and subsequently carried at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment losses. Amortized cost is calculated taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and includes fees that are an integral part of the effective interest rate and transaction costs. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the loans and receivables are derecognized or impaired, as well as through the amortization process. The Company’s loans and receivables comprise cash and cash equivalents and accounts and other receivables.

Held-to-maturity investments

Held to maturity investments are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment losses. The Company does not currently have any held-to-maturity investments.

Available-for-sale assets

Available-for-sale assets are measured at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) until the asset is realized or impairment is viewed as other than temporary, at which time they will be recorded in profit or loss. The Company does not currently have any available-for-sale assets.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

An instrument is classified at fair value through profit or loss if it is held for trading or is designated as such upon initial recognition. Financial instruments are designated at fair value through profit or loss if the Company manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with the Company’s risk management or investment strategy. Upon initial recognition, attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. The Company does not have any financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either fair value through profit or loss or other financial liabilities, based on the purpose for which the liability was incurred.

The Company’s other financial liabilities comprise accounts payable and accrued liabilities, bank credit facility, loans from related parties and financial contract liability. These liabilities are initially recognized at fair value, net of any transaction costs directly attributable to the issuance of the instrument and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, which ensures that any financing expense over the period of repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the liability carried in the balance sheet. Interest expense in this context includes initial transaction costs and premiums payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding. Any revision to the amount or timing of cash flows related to an instrument is reflected in its carrying amount by computing the present value of the revised cash flows at the instrument’s initial effective interest rate. The change in carrying amount is reflected in profit or loss of the period. Accounts payable represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of the period which are unpaid. Accounts payable amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days from receipt of invoice.

Financial liabilities are classified as held-for-trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling in the near term. Derivatives are also categorized as held for trading unless they are designated as hedges.

The Company has derivative financial instruments in the form of warrants issued in US dollars, or with certain adjustment provisions, and contracts entered into to manage its exposure to volatility in commodity prices. Commodity contracts are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value at the date at which the derivatives are issued and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting and changes in fair value are recognized immediately in profit and loss.

For outstanding warrants at each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the liability between reporting periods is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). As warrants are exercised, immediately before exercise, the liability on these exercised warrants is re-measured and the valuation change is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). Upon exercise, the re-measured warrant liability on these exercised warrants is eliminated and there is an offsetting entry to share capital.

Financial instrument measurement

If the market value for a financial instrument is not an active market the Company establishes fair value by using a valuation technique. Valuation techniques include using recent arm’s length market transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, if available, reference to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models. The fair value of a financial instrument will be based on one or more factors that may include the time value of money, credit risk, commodity prices, equity prices, volatility, servicing costs and other factors.

Impairment of financial assets

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset is impaired. If such evidence exists, the Company recognizes an impairment loss, as follows:

Financial assets are carried at amortized cost. The loss is the difference between the amortized cost of the loan or receivable and the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted using the instrument’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced by this amount either directly or indirectly through the use of an allowance account.

Impairment losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost are reversed in subsequent periods if the amount of the loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized.

Non-financial assets

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together in CGUs, which are the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets. The carrying value of long-term assets is reviewed at each period for indicators that the carrying value of an asset or a CGU may not be recoverable. The Company uses geographical proximity, geological similarities, analysis of shared infrastructure, commodity type, assessment of exposure to market risks and materiality to define its CGUs. If indicators of impairment exist, the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU is estimated. If the carrying value of the asset or CGU exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset or CGU is written down with an impairment recognized in profit or loss.

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is determined to be the amount for which the asset could be sold in an arm’s length transaction. For resource properties, fair value less costs to sell may be determined by using discounted future net cash flows of proved and probable reserves using forecast prices and costs. Value in use is determined by estimating the net present value of future net cash flows expected from the continued use of the asset or CGU.

Impairment losses recognized in prior years are assessed at each reporting date for any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depletion and depreciation, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity.

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax is recognized for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized on temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit. In addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, when they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Production taxes

Royalties, resource rent taxes and revenue-based taxes are accounted for under International Accounting Standards (‘IAS’) 12 when they have characteristics of an income tax. This is considered to be the case when they are imposed under Government authority and the amount is payable based on taxable income, rather than based on quantity produced or as a percentage of revenue, after adjustment for temporary differences. For such arrangements, current and deferred tax is provided on the same basis as described above for other forms of taxation. Obligations arising from royalty arrangements that do not satisfy these criteria are recognized as a reduction of revenues.

The Company’s common shares, stock options, share purchase warrants and flow-through shares are classified as equity instruments only to the extent that they do not meet the definition of a financial liability or financial asset. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of equity instruments are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

The Company will from time to time, issue flow-through common shares to finance a portion of its exploration program. Pursuant to the terms of the flow-through share agreements, these shares transfer the tax deductibility of qualifying resource expenditures to investors. On issuance, the Company separates the flow-through share into i) a flow-through share premium, equal to the estimated premium, if any, investors pay for the flow-through feature, which is recognized as a liability and; ii) share capital. Upon expenditures being incurred, the Company derecognizes the liability and recognizes a deferred income tax recovery for the amount of tax reduction renounced to the shareholders.

There were no new or amended accounting standards or interpretations that had a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Certain pronouncements were issued by “IASB” or “IFRIC” that are mandatory for accounting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 or later periods. The following new accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards and interpretations, have not been early adopted in these consolidated financial statements:

IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments”: In July 2014, the IASB completed the final phase of its project to replace IAS 39, the current standard on the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 is now the new standard which sets out the recognition and measurement requirements for financial instruments and some contracts to buy or sell non-financial items. IFRS 9 provides a single model of classifying and measuring financial assets and liabilities and provides for only two classification categories: amortized cost and fair value. Hedge accounting requirements have also been updated in the new standard and are now more aligned with the risk management activities of an entity. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted; however, if an entity elects to apply this standard early, it must disclose that fact and apply all of the requirements in this standard at the same time. The Company has determined that there will not be any material impact on its consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption of IFRS 9.

IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”: the standard was issued in May 2014 and amended in April 2016. IFRS 15 applies to contracts with customers, excluding, most notably, insurance and leasing contracts. IFRS 15 prescribes a framework in accounting for revenues from contracts within its scope, including (a) identifying the contract, (b) identify separate performance obligations in the contract, (c) determine the transaction price of the contract, (d) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (e) recognize revenues when each performance obligation is satisfied. IFRS 15 also prescribes additional financial statement presentations and disclosures. The Company currently expects to adopt IFRS 15 as of January 1, 2018, under the modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized at the date of initial application. The Company has completed the evaluation of IFRS 15. It has been concluded that the adoption of IFRS 15 will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16, “Leases”: In January 2016, the IASB issued the standard to replace IAS 17 “Leases”. For lessees applying IFRS 16, a single recognition and measurement model for leases would apply, with required recognition of assets and liabilities for most leases. The standard will come into effect for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted. It is anticipated that the adoption of IFRS 16 will have impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet due to the operating lease commitments as disclosed in note 17.