15. | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT |
The movements of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows:
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buildings | Tele- communications equipment |
Office furniture, fixtures, motor vehicles and other equipment |
Leasehold improvements |
CIP | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Cost: |
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Beginning of year |
62,969 | 838,995 | 19,464 | 3,878 | 97,601 | 1,022,907 | ||||||||||||||||||
Additions |
57 | 748 | 427 | 186 | 70,418 | 71,836 | ||||||||||||||||||
Transfer from CIP |
4,211 | 79,808 | 748 | 301 | (85,068 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Transfer to other assets |
— | — | — | — | (4,046 | ) | (4,046 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Disposals |
(97 | ) | (43,099 | ) | (632 | ) | (330 | ) | — | (44,158 | ) | |||||||||||||
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End of year |
67,140 | 876,452 | 20,007 | 4,035 | 78,905 | 1,046,539 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Accumulated depreciation and impairment: |
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Beginning of year |
(26,612 | ) | (525,244 | ) | (14,059 | ) | (2,256 | ) | (105 | ) | (568,276 | ) | ||||||||||||
Charge for the year |
(2,621 | ) | (62,932 | ) | (1,516 | ) | (681 | ) | — | (67,750 | ) | |||||||||||||
Disposals |
59 | 39,704 | 589 | 250 | — | 40,602 | ||||||||||||||||||
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End of year |
(29,174 | ) | (548,472 | ) | (14,986 | ) | (2,687 | ) | (105 | ) | (595,424 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Net book value: |
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End of year |
37,966 | 327,980 | 5,021 | 1,348 | 78,800 | 451,115 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Beginning of year |
36,357 | 313,751 | 5,405 | 1,622 | 97,496 | 454,631 | ||||||||||||||||||
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2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buildings | Tele- communications equipment |
Office furniture, fixtures, motor vehicles and other equipment |
Leasehold improvements |
CIP | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Cost: |
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Beginning of year |
67,140 | 876,452 | 20,007 | 4,035 | 78,905 | 1,046,539 | ||||||||||||||||||
Additions |
129 | 293 | 426 | 290 | 41,510 | 42,648 | ||||||||||||||||||
Transfer from CIP |
4,219 | 58,535 | 783 | 284 | (63,821 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Transfer to other assets |
— | — | — | — | (4,376 | ) | (4,376 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Disposals |
(411 | ) | (64,588 | ) | (1,046 | ) | (319 | ) | — | (66,364 | ) | |||||||||||||
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End of year |
71,077 | 870,692 | 20,170 | 4,290 | 52,218 | 1,018,447 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Accumulated depreciation and impairment: |
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Beginning of year |
(29,174 | ) | (548,472 | ) | (14,986 | ) | (2,687 | ) | (105 | ) | (595,424 | ) | ||||||||||||
Charge for the year |
(2,765 | ) | (62,311 | ) | (1,386 | ) | (810 | ) | — | (67,272 | ) | |||||||||||||
Disposals |
225 | 59,384 | 928 | 308 | — | 60,845 | ||||||||||||||||||
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End of year |
(31,714 | ) | (551,399 | ) | (15,444 | ) | (3,189 | ) | (105 | ) | (601,851 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Net book value: |
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End of year |
39,363 | 319,293 | 4,726 | 1,101 | 52,113 | 416,596 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Beginning of year |
37,966 | 327,980 | 5,021 | 1,348 | 78,800 | 451,115 | ||||||||||||||||||
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As of December 31, 2017, the net book value of assets held under finance leases was approximately RMB789 million (2016: approximately RMB582 million).
For the year ended December 31, 2017, interest expense of approximately RMB670 million (2015: approximately RMB936 million; 2016: approximately RMB769 million) was capitalized to CIP. The capitalized borrowing rate represents the cost of capital for raising the related borrowings and varied from 3.21% to 3.88% for the year ended December 31, 2017 (2015: 3.40% to 4.33%; 2016: 3.33% to 3.79%).
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Group disposed certain property, plant and equipment with carrying amounts RMB5,519 million (2015: RMB41,925 million 2016: RMB3,556 million) for sales proceeds of RMB2,030 million (2015: RMB49,176 million 2016: RMB3,201 million) in total, resulting in a net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment of approximately RMB3,489 million (2015: a net gain of approximately RMB7,251 million, including the gain on the Group’s Tower Assets Disposal of approximately RMB9,246 million; 2016: a net loss of approximately RMB355 million), mainly as a result of Group’s ongoing upgrade of its broadband network. In order to achieve a higher speed of transmission, the Group is gradually replacing copper cabling broadband network by optical fibre broadband network. Subscribers’ migration progress, which is voluntary, is not entirely predictable. When all subscribers of a copper broadband network site have migrated to optical fibre broadband network site, the old broadband related equipment became idle and were then disposed by the Group.