For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Tax expense: | |||||||||
Current tax expense | (14,053 | ) | (15,057 | ) | (19,522 | ) | |||
Deferred tax benefit (1) | 5,972 | 730 | 1,102 | ||||||
TOTAL INCOME TAX EXPENSE | (8,081 | ) | (14,327 | ) | (18,420 | ) |
(1) | As of December 31, 2017, includes 1,004 of deferred tax gain related to changes in tax rates. |
For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||
2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Profit before income tax | 38,544 | 50,189 | 50,040 | ||||||
Tax rate (note 3.7.1.1) | 35 | % | 35 | % | 35 | % | |||
Income tax expense | (13,490 | ) | (17,566 | ) | (17,514 | ) | |||
Permanent differences | |||||||||
Argentine Software Promotion Regime (note 3.7.1.1) | 3,541 | 7,189 | 15,037 | ||||||
Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in countries other than Argentina | 2,019 | 1,069 | 1,362 | ||||||
Non-deductible expenses | 1,187 | 2,301 | 1,184 | ||||||
Tax loss carry forward not recognized | (374 | ) | (878 | ) | (1,681 | ) | |||
Exchange difference | (860 | ) | (6,593 | ) | (17,560 | ) | |||
Other | (104 | ) | 151 | 752 | |||||
INCOME TAX EXPENSE RECOGNIZED IN PROFIT AND LOSS | (8,081 | ) | (14,327 | ) | (18,420 | ) |
As of December 31, | ||||||
2017 | 2016 | |||||
Share-based compensation plan | 5,772 | 4,919 | ||||
Provision for vacation and bonus | 1,309 | 1,339 | ||||
Intercompany trade payables | 3,126 | — | ||||
Property and equipment | 756 | (298 | ) | |||
Contingencies | — | 31 | ||||
Others | (182 | ) | (39 | ) | ||
Loss carryforward (1) | 2,405 | 1,739 | ||||
TOTAL DEFERRED TAX ASSETS | 13,186 | 7,691 |
(1) | As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the detail of the loss carryforward is as follows: |
2017 | 2016 | |||||||||
Company | Loss carryforward | Expiration date | Loss carryforward | Expiration date | ||||||
Globant S.A. | 737 | 2035 | — | — | ||||||
Dynaflows S.A. | 80 | 2020 | 17 | 2020 | ||||||
Globant Brasil Consultoría Ltda. (2) | 1,219 | does not expire | 1,235 | does not expire | ||||||
We Are London Limited | 253 | does not expire | — | — | ||||||
Sistemas UK Limited | 116 | does not expire | 105 | does not expire | ||||||
Sistemas Globales Chile Ases. Ltda. | — | — | 101 | does not expire | ||||||
Globant LLC | — | — | 274 | does not expire | ||||||
Software Product Creation S.L. | — | — | 7 | does not expire | ||||||
2,405 | 1,739 |
(2) | The amount of the carryforward that can be utilized for Globant Brasil Consultoría Ltda. is limited to 30% of taxable income in each carryforward year. |
Opening | Recognised in | Recognised | Acquisitions/ | Closing | |||||||||||
balance | profit or loss | directly in equity | disposals | balance | |||||||||||
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities) in relation to: | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation plan | 4,919 | 1,026 | 1,400 | (1,573 | ) | 5,772 | |||||||||
Provision for vacation and bonus | 1,339 | (30 | ) | — | — | 1,309 | |||||||||
Intercompany trade payables | — | 3,126 | — | — | 3,126 | ||||||||||
Property and equipment | (298 | ) | 1,054 | — | — | 756 | |||||||||
Contingencies | 31 | (31 | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||
Others | (39 | ) | (143 | ) | — | — | (182 | ) | |||||||
Subtotal | 5,952 | 5,002 | 1,400 | (1,573 | ) | 10,781 | |||||||||
Loss carryforward | 1,739 | 970 | — | (304 | ) | 2,405 | |||||||||
TOTAL | 7,691 | 5,972 | 1,400 | (1,877 | ) | 13,186 |