Income tax benefit (expense)
|
| | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands of USD) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
Current tax | | | | | | |
Current period | | (85 | ) | | 60 |
| | (98 | ) |
Total current tax | | (85 | ) | | 60 |
| | (98 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Deferred tax | | | | | | |
Recognition of unused tax losses/(use of tax losses) | | 1,473 |
| | 220 |
| | (5,450 | ) |
Other | | (30 | ) | | (106 | ) | | (85 | ) |
Total deferred tax | | 1,443 |
| | 114 |
| | (5,535 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total tax benefit/(expense) | | 1,358 |
| | 174 |
| | (5,633 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of effective tax | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
Profit (loss) before tax | | | | 25 |
| | | | 203,875 |
| | | | 355,934 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax at domestic rate | | (33.99 | )% | | (8 | ) | | (33.99 | )% | | (69,297 | ) | | (33.99 | )% | | (120,982 | ) |
Effects on tax of : | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax exempt profit / loss | | | | 499 |
| | | | (8,090 | ) | | | | (144 | ) |
Tax adjustments for previous years | | | | 10 |
| | | | 70 |
| | | | 17 |
|
Loss for which no DTA (*) has been recognized | | | | — |
| | | | — |
| | | | (4,811 | ) |
Use of previously unrecognized tax losses | | | | 7,146 |
| | | | 1,118 |
| | | | 15,668 |
|
Non-deductible expenses | | | | (710 | ) | | | | (1,718 | ) | | | | (5,225 | ) |
Tonnage Tax regime | | | | (13,918 | ) | | | | 64,637 |
| | | | 91,334 |
|
Effect of share of profit of equity-accounted investees | | | | 10,175 |
| | | | 13,761 |
| | | | 17,536 |
|
Effects of tax regimes in foreign jurisdictions | | | | (1,836 | ) | | | | (307 | ) | | | | 974 |
|
Total taxes | | 5,430.01 | % | | 1,358 |
| | 0.09 | % | | 174 |
| | (1.58 | )% | | (5,633 | ) |
In application of an IFRIC agenda decision on 'IAS 12 Income taxes', tonnage tax is not accounted for as income taxes in accordance with IAS 12 and is not presented as part of income tax expense in the consolidated statement of profit or loss but has been shown as an administrative expense under the heading General and administrative expenses. The amount paid for tonnage tax in the year ended December 31, 2017 was USD 4.8 million (see Note 5).
* Deferred Tax Asset
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
Recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands of USD) | | ASSETS |
| | LIABILITIES |
| | NET |
|
Provisions | | 31 |
| | — |
| | 31 |
|
Employee benefits | | 37 |
| | — |
| | 37 |
|
Unused tax losses & tax credits | | 896 |
| | — |
| | 896 |
|
| | 964 |
| | — |
| | 964 |
|
Offset | | — |
| | — |
| | |
|
Balance at December 31, 2016 | | 964 |
| | — |
| | |
|
| | | | | | |
Provisions | | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
|
Employee benefits | | 44 |
| | — |
| | 44 |
|
Unused tax losses & tax credits | | 2,442 |
| | — |
| | 2,442 |
|
| | 2,487 |
| | — |
| | 2,487 |
|
Offset | | — |
| | — |
| | |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | | 2,487 |
| | — |
| | |
Unrecognized deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities have not been recognized in respect of the following items:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands of USD) | | December 31, 2017 | | December 31, 2016 |
| | ASSETS |
| | LIABILITIES |
| | ASSETS |
| | LIABILITIES |
|
Deductible temporary differences | | 357 |
| | — |
| | 280 |
| | — |
|
Taxable temporary differences | | 7 |
| | (14,231 | ) | | 7 |
| | (25,213 | ) |
Tax losses & tax credits | | 89,528 |
| | — |
| | 105,731 |
| | — |
|
| | 89,892 |
| | (14,231 | ) | | 106,018 |
| | (25,213 | ) |
Offset | | (14,231 | ) | | 14,231 |
| | (25,213 | ) | | 25,213 |
|
Total | | 75,661 |
| | — |
| | 80,805 |
| | — |
|
The unrecognized deferred tax assets in respect of tax losses and tax credits are related to tax losses carried forward, investment deduction allowances and excess dividend received deduction. Tax losses and tax credits have no expiration date.
A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses and tax credits carried forward, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available. The Group considers future taxable profits as probable when it is more likely than not that taxable profits will be generated in the foreseeable future. When determining whether probable future taxable profits are available the probability threshold is applied to portions of the total amount of unused tax losses or tax credits, rather than the entire amount.
Given the nature of the tonnage tax regime, the Group has a substantial amount of unused tax losses and tax credits for which no future taxable profits are probable and therefore no deferred tax asset has been recognized.
The unrecognized tax liabilities in respect of taxable temporary differences relate primarily to tax liabilities in respect of non distributed reserves of the Group that will be taxed when distributed. No deferred tax liability has been recognized because the Group controls whether the tax liability will be incurred and management is satisfied that the tax liability will not be incurred in the foreseeable future. In addition, no deferred tax liabilities have been recognized for temporary differences related to vessels for which the Group expects that the reversal of these differences will not have a tax effect.
In December 2017, changes to the Belgian corporate income tax rate were enacted, lowering the rate to 29.58% as from 2018 and to 25% from 2020. These changes have been reflected in the calculation of the amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities in respect of Belgian Group entities as at December 31, 2017.
Movement in deferred tax balances during the year
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands of USD) | | Balance at Jan 1, 2015 |
| | Recognized in income |
| | Recognized in equity |
| | Translation differences |
| | Balance at Dec 31, 2015 |
|
Provisions | | 238 |
| | (61 | ) | | — |
| | (8 | ) | | 169 |
|
Employee benefits | | 52 |
| | (24 | ) | | — |
| | (5 | ) | | 23 |
|
Unused tax losses & tax credits | | 6,246 |
| | (5,450 | ) | | — |
| | (53 | ) | | 743 |
|
Total | | 6,536 |
| | (5,535 | ) | | — |
| | (66 | ) | | 935 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at Jan 1, 2016 |
| | Recognized in income |
| | Recognized in equity |
| | Translation differences |
| | Balance at Dec 31, 2016 |
|
Provisions | | 169 |
| | (121 | ) | | — |
| | (17 | ) | | 31 |
|
Employee benefits | | 23 |
| | 15 |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | 37 |
|
Unused tax losses & tax credits | | 743 |
| | 220 |
| | — |
| | (67 | ) | | 896 |
|
Total | | 935 |
| | 114 |
| | — |
| | (85 | ) | | 964 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at Jan 1, 2017 |
| | Recognized in income |
| | Recognized in equity |
| | Translation differences |
| | Balance at Dec 31, 2017 |
|
Provisions | | 31 |
| | (32 | ) | | — |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
|
Employee benefits | | 37 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| | 44 |
|
Unused tax losses & tax credits | | 896 |
| | 1,473 |
| | — |
| | 73 |
| | 2,442 |
|
Total | | 964 |
| | 1,443 |
| | — |
| | 80 |
| | 2,487 |
|