4. | Income taxes |
$000 | | Note | | Dec 31, 2017 | | Dec 31, 2016 | | Dec 31, 2015 | | |||
Current taxation | | | | | 135,412 | | | 101,546 | | | 41,972 | |
Deferred taxation | | 11 | | | 10,395 | | | 6,838 | | | 6,031 | |
| | | | | 145,807 | | | 108,384 | | | 48,003 | |
The tax on the group’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the statutory tax rate applicable to the group’s operations. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Profit before tax | | | | | 480,854 | | | 402,605 | | | 260,778 | |
Tax calculated at effective tax rate of 30% | | | | | 144,256 | | | 120,782 | | | 78,233 | |
Difference in tax rates in overseas jurisdictions | | | | | (4,771) | | | (3,513) | | | - | |
Reconciling items: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• Income taxed at 0% | | | | | (17,499) | | | (17,002) | | | (8,483) | |
• Expenses deductible at 0% | | | | | 12,864 | | | 10,947 | | | 7,528 | |
Withholding tax adjustment on Tongon dividend | | | | | 10,908 | | | 2,272 | | | - | |
Côte d’Ivoire tax holiday permanent differences | | | | | - | | | - | | | (7,868) | |
Share of equity accounted joint venture profits | | | | | (3,585) | | | (5,190) | | | (23,191) | |
Other permanent differences | | | | | 3,634 | | | 88 | | | 1,784 | |
Taxation charge | | | | | 145,807 | | | 108,384 | | | 48,003 | |