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1043 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)
(http://www.alcoa.com/taxonomy/role/NotesToFinancialStatementsIncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlockTables)
Table(Implied)
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Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]Period [Axis]
2016-01-01 - 2016-12-31
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
 
Components of Loss from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

The components of loss before income taxes were as follows:

 

      2016     2015     2014  

United States

   $ (688   $ (1,053   $ (709

Foreign

     526       716       646  
     $ (162   $ (337   $ (63
 
 
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes on Income from Continuing Operations

Provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

 

      2016     2015     2014  

Current:

      

Federal*

   $ 9     $ 3     $ 1  

Foreign

     221       313       333  

State and local

     -       -       -  
       230       316       334  

Deferred:

      

Federal*

     -       (85     (5

Foreign

     (46     171       (45

State and local

     -       -       -  
       (46     86       (50

Total

   $ 184     $ 402     $ 284  

 

* Includes U.S. taxes related to foreign income
 
 
Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Rate to Alcoa's Effective Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to Alcoa Corporation’s effective tax rate was as follows (the effective tax rate for all periods presented was a provision on a loss):

 

      2016     2015     2014  

U.S. federal statutory rate

     35.0     35.0     35.0

Taxes on foreign operations

     24.8       (6.7     (67.5

Nondeductible costs related to the Separation Transaction

     (9.6     -       -  

Permanent differences on restructuring and other charges and asset disposals

     -       -       (19.4

Equity income/loss

     (3.7     (2.6     (23.0

Noncontrolling interest(1)

     (7.3     (8.5     (53.5

Statutory tax rate and law changes(2)

     (0.6     (0.3     (57.0

Tax holidays(3)

     11.2       6.2       (61.8

Changes in valuation allowances

     (1.9     (62.6     3.4  

Losses and credits with no tax benefit(4)

     (163.2     (82.0     (243.0

Impact of capitalization of intercompany debt

     -       3.3       38.1  

Other

     1.7       (1.1     (2.1

Effective tax rate

     (113.6 )%      (119.3 )%      (450.8 )% 
(1) 

In 2014, the noncontrolling interest’s impact on Alcoa Corporation’s effective tax rate was mostly due to the noncontrolling interest’s share of a loss on the divestiture of an ownership interest in a mining and refining joint venture in Jamaica (see Note C).

(2) 

In November 2014, Spain enacted corporate tax reform that changed the corporate tax rate from 30% in 2014 to 28% in 2015 to 25% in 2016. As a result, Alcoa Corporation remeasured certain deferred tax assets related to Spanish operations.

(3) 

In 2014, a tax holiday for a Brazilian entity of Alcoa Corporation became effective (see below).

(4) 

Hypothetical net operating losses and tax credits determined on a separate return basis for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The related deferred tax asset and offsetting valuation allowance have been adjusted to Parent Company net investment and, as such, are not reflected in subsequent deferred tax and valuation allowance tables.

 
 
Schedule of Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

 

     2016      2015  
December 31,   

Deferred

tax

assets

   

Deferred

tax

liabilities

    

Deferred

tax

assets

   

Deferred

tax

liabilities

 

Depreciation

   $ 187     $ 499      $ 264     $ 529  

Employee benefits

     1,240       -        286       39  

Loss provisions

     313       -        302       7  

Deferred income/expense

     28       136        48       312  

Tax loss carryforwards

     1,064       -        992       -  

Tax credit carryforwards

     23       -        15       -  

Derivatives and hedging activities

     -       124        -       216  

Other

     233       125        420       412  
     3,088       884        2,327       1,515  

Valuation allowance

     (1,755     -        (712     -  
     $ 1,333     $ 884      $ 1,615     $ 1,515  
 
 
Schedule of Expiration Periods of Deferred Tax Assets

The following table details the expiration periods of the deferred tax assets presented above:

 

December 31, 2016   

Expires

within

10 years

   

Expires

within

11-20 years

   

No

expiration*

    Other*     Total  

Tax loss carryforwards

   $ 282     $ 177     $ 605     $ -     $ 1,064  

Tax credit carryforwards

     23       -       -       -       23  

Other

     -       -       361       1,640       2,001  

Valuation allowance

     (272     (88     (265     (1,130     (1,755
     $ 33     $ 89     $ 701     $ 510     $ 1,333  
* Deferred tax assets with no expiration may still have annual limitations on utilization. Other represents deferred tax assets whose expiration is dependent upon the reversal of the underlying temporary difference.
 
 
Schedule of Changes in Valuation Allowance

The following table details the changes in the valuation allowance:

 

December 31,    2016     2015     2014  

Balance at beginning of year

   $ (712   $ (486   $ (517

Increase to allowance

     (1,072     (289     (19

Release of allowance

     16       -       7  

U.S. state tax apportionment and tax rate changes

     -       30       15  

Foreign currency translation

     13       33       28  

Balance at end of year

   $ (1,755   $ (712   $ (486
 
 
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Excluding Interest and Penalties)

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) was as follows:

 

December 31,    2016     2015     2014  

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 22     $ 25     $ 52  

Additions for tax positions of the current year

     3       2       2  

Additions for tax positions of prior years

     1       1       1  

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

     (2     -       (1

Settlements with tax authorities

     (2     (2     (28

Expiration of the statute of limitations

     -       -       -  

Foreign currency translation

     1       (4     (1

Balance at end of year

   $ 23     $ 22     $ 25