WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN | 2013 | FY | 3


Note 5: Investment Securities       

The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value by major categories of available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value, and held-to-maturity debt securities, which are carried at amortized cost. The net unrealized gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities are reported on an after-tax basis as a component of cumulative OCI. There were no securities classified as held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2012.

 

            
            
         GrossGross 
         unrealizedunrealizedFair
(in millions) Costgainslossesvalue
            
December 31, 2013     
            
Available-for-sale securities:     
 Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ 6,592 17 (329) 6,280
 Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions  42,171 1,092 (727) 42,536
 Mortgage-backed securities:     
  Federal agencies  119,303 1,902 (3,614) 117,591
  Residential  11,060 1,433 (40) 12,453
  Commercial  17,689 1,173 (115) 18,747
   Total mortgage-backed securities  148,052 4,508 (3,769) 148,791
 Corporate debt securities  20,391 976 (140) 21,227
 Collateralized loan and other debt obligations (1)  19,610 642 (93) 20,159
 Other (2)   9,232 426 (29) 9,629
    Total debt securities  246,048 7,661 (5,087) 248,622
 Marketable equity securities:     
  Perpetual preferred securities  1,703 222 (60) 1,865
  Other marketable equity securities  336 1,188 (4) 1,520
    Total marketable equity securities  2,039 1,410 (64) 3,385
     Total available-for-sale securities  248,087 9,071 (5,151) 252,007
Held-to-maturity securities:     
 Federal agency mortgage-backed securities  6,304 - (99) 6,205
 Other (2)   6,042 - - 6,042
     Total held-to-maturity securities  12,346 - (99) 12,247
      Total (3)$ 260,433 9,071 (5,250) 264,254
            
December 31, 2012     
            
Available-for-sale securities:     
 Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ 7,099 47 - 7,146
 Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions  37,120 2,000 (444) 38,676
 Mortgage-backed securities:     
  Federal agencies  92,855 4,434 (4) 97,285
  Residential   14,178 1,802 (49) 15,931
  Commercial  18,438 1,798 (268) 19,968
   Total mortgage-backed securities  125,471 8,034 (321) 133,184
 Corporate debt securities  20,120 1,282 (69) 21,333
 Collateralized loan and other debt obligations (1)  12,726 557 (95) 13,188
 Other (2)  18,410 553 (76) 18,887
    Total debt securities  220,946 12,473 (1,005) 232,414
 Marketable equity securities:     
  Perpetual preferred securities  1,935 281 (40) 2,176
  Other marketable equity securities  402 216 (9) 609
    Total marketable equity securities  2,337 497 (49) 2,785
      Total (3)$ 223,283 12,970 (1,054) 235,199
            

 

Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities in the investment securities portfolio by length of time that individual securities in each category had been in a continuous loss position. Debt securities on which we have taken credit-related OTTI write-downs are categorized as being “less than 12 months” or “12 months or more” in a continuous loss position based on the point in time that the fair value declined to below the cost basis and not the period of time since the credit-related OTTI write-down.

                
                
        Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
        Gross  Gross  Gross 
       unrealizedFairunrealizedFairunrealizedFair
(in millions) lossesvalue lossesvalue lossesvalue
                
December 31, 2013         
                
Available-for-sale securities:         
 Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ (329) 5,786  - -  (329) 5,786
 Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions  (399) 9,238  (328) 4,120  (727) 13,358
 Mortgage-backed securities:         
  Federal agencies  (3,562) 67,045  (52) 1,132  (3,614) 68,177
  Residential  (18) 1,242  (22) 232  (40) 1,474
  Commercial  (15) 2,128  (100) 2,027  (115) 4,155
   Total mortgage-backed securities  (3,595) 70,415  (174) 3,391  (3,769) 73,806
 Corporate debt securities  (85) 2,542  (55) 428  (140) 2,970
 Collateralized loan and other debt obligations (55) 7,202  (38) 343  (93) 7,545
 Other   (11) 1,690  (18) 365  (29) 2,055
    Total debt securities  (4,474) 96,873  (613) 8,647  (5,087) 105,520
 Marketable equity securities:         
  Perpetual preferred securities  (28) 424  (32) 308  (60) 732
  Other marketable equity securities  (4) 34  - -  (4) 34
    Total marketable equity securities  (32) 458  (32) 308  (64) 766
     Total available-for-sale securities  (4,506) 97,331  (645) 8,955  (5,151) 106,286
Held-to-maturity securities:         
 Federal agency mortgage-backed securities  (99) 6,153  - -  (99) 6,153
     Total held-to-maturity securities  (99) 6,153  - -  (99) 6,153
      Total$ (4,605) 103,484  (645) 8,955  (5,250) 112,439
                
December 31, 2012         
                
Available-for-sale securities:         
 Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ - -  - -  - -
 Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions  (55) 2,709  (389) 4,662  (444) 7,371
 Mortgage-backed securities:         
  Federal agencies  (4) 2,247  - -  (4) 2,247
  Residential   (4) 261  (45) 1,564  (49) 1,825
  Commercial  (6) 491  (262) 2,564  (268) 3,055
   Total mortgage-backed securities  (14) 2,999  (307) 4,128  (321) 7,127
 Corporate debt securities  (14) 1,217  (55) 305  (69) 1,522
 Collateralized loan and other debt obligations  (2) 1,485  (93) 798  (95) 2,283
 Other  (11) 2,153  (65) 1,010  (76) 3,163
    Total debt securities  (96) 10,563  (909) 10,903  (1,005) 21,466
 Marketable equity securities:         
  Perpetual preferred securities  (3) 116  (37) 538  (40) 654
  Other marketable equity securities  (9) 48  - -  (9) 48
    Total marketable equity securities  (12) 164  (37) 538  (49) 702
      Total$ (108) 10,727  (946) 11,441  (1,054) 22,168

We do not have the intent to sell any securities included in the previous table. For debt securities included in the table, we have concluded it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. We have assessed each security with gross unrealized losses for credit impairment. For debt securities, we evaluate, where necessary, whether credit impairment exists by comparing the present value of the expected cash flows to the securities' amortized cost basis. For equity securities, we consider numerous factors in determining whether impairment exists, including our intent and ability to hold the securities for a period of time sufficient to recover the cost basis of the securities.

See Note 1 – “Investments” for the factors that we consider in our analysis of OTTI for debt and equity securities.

 

Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies and federal agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) The unrealized losses associated with U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities and federal agency MBS are primarily driven by changes in interest rates and not due to credit losses given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.

 

Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions The unrealized losses associated with securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions are primarily driven by changes in the relationship between municipal and term funding credit curves rather than by changes to the credit quality of the underlying securities. Substantially all of these investments are investment grade. The securities were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase. Some of these securities are guaranteed by a bond insurer, but we did not rely on this guarantee in making our investment decision. These investments will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis, but are expected to perform, even if the rating agencies reduce the credit rating of the bond insurers. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.

 

Residential and commercial MBS The unrealized losses associated with private residential MBS and commercial MBS are primarily driven by changes in projected collateral losses, credit spreads and interest rates. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities and/or prepayment rates. We estimate losses to a security by forecasting the underlying mortgage loans in each transaction. We use forecasted loan performance to project cash flows to the various tranches in the structure. We also consider cash flow forecasts and, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.

 

Corporate Debt Securities The unrealized losses associated with corporate debt securities are primarily related to unsecured debt obligations issued by various corporations. We evaluate the financial performance of each issuer on a quarterly basis to determine that the issuer can make all contractual principal and interest payments. Based upon this assessment, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.

 

Collateralized LOAN AND OTHER Debt Obligations The unrealized losses associated with collateralized loan and other debt obligations relate to securities primarily backed by commercial, residential or other consumer collateral. The unrealized losses are primarily driven by changes in projected collateral losses, credit spreads and interest rates. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities and prepayment rates. We also consider cash flow forecasts and, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.

 

Other Debt Securities The unrealized losses associated with other debt securities primarily relate to other asset-backed securities. The losses are primarily driven by changes in projected collateral losses, credit spreads and interest rates. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities and prepayment rates. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.

 

Marketable Equity Securities Our marketable equity securities include investments in perpetual preferred securities, which provide attractive tax-equivalent yields. We evaluated these hybrid financial instruments with investment-grade ratings for impairment using an evaluation methodology similar to that used for debt securities. Perpetual preferred securities are not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired if there is no evidence of credit deterioration or investment rating downgrades of any issuers to below investment grade, and we expect to continue to receive full contractual payments. We will continue to evaluate the prospects for these securities for recovery in their market value in accordance with our policy for estimating OTTI. We have recorded impairment write-downs on perpetual preferred securities where there was evidence of credit deterioration.

 

OTHER INVESTMENT SECURITIES MATTERS The fair values of our investment securities could decline in the future if the underlying performance of the collateral for the residential and commercial MBS or other securities deteriorate and our credit enhancement levels do not provide sufficient protection to our contractual principal and interest. As a result, there is a risk that significant OTTI may occur in the future.

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt and perpetual preferred investment securities by those rated investment grade and those rated less than investment grade, according to their lowest credit rating by Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) or Moody's Investors Service (Moody's). Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security. Securities rated investment grade, that is those rated BBB- or higher by S&P or Baa3 or higher by Moody's, are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be low credit risk. Conversely, securities rated below investment grade, labeled as “speculative grade” by the rating agencies, are considered to be distinctively higher credit risk than investment grade securities. We have also included securities not rated by S&P or Moody's in the table below based on the internal credit grade of the securities (used for credit risk management purposes) equivalent to the credit rating assigned by major credit agencies. The unrealized losses and fair value of unrated securities categorized as investment grade based on internal credit grades were $18 million and $1.9 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2013, and $19 million and $2.0 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2012. If an internal credit grade was not assigned, we categorized the security as non-investment grade.

 

              
              
         Investment grade Non-investment grade
         Gross  Gross 
         unrealizedFair unrealizedFair
(in millions) lossesvalue lossesvalue
              
December 31, 2013      
              
Available-for-sale securities:      
 Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ (329) 5,786  - -
 Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions  (671) 12,915  (56) 443
 Mortgage-backed securities:      
  Federal agencies  (3,614) 68,177  - -
  Residential  (2) 177  (38) 1,297
  Commercial  (46) 3,364  (69) 791
   Total mortgage-backed securities  (3,662) 71,718  (107) 2,088
 Corporate debt securities  (96) 2,343  (44) 627
 Collateralized loan and other debt obligations  (72) 7,376  (21) 169
 Other  (19) 1,874  (10) 181
    Total debt securities  (4,849) 102,012  (238) 3,508
 Perpetual preferred securities  (60) 732  - -
     Total available-for-sale securities  (4,909) 102,744  (238) 3,508
Held-to-maturity securities:      
 Federal agency mortgage-backed securities  (99) 6,153  - -
     Total held-to-maturity securities  (99) 6,153  - -
      Total$ (5,008) 108,897  (238) 3,508
              
December 31, 2012      
              
Available-for-sale securities:      
 Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ - -  - -
 Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions  (378) 6,839  (66) 532
 Mortgage-backed securities:      
  Federal agencies  (4) 2,247  - -
  Residential  (3) 78  (46) 1,747
  Commercial  (31) 2,110  (237) 945
   Total mortgage-backed securities  (38) 4,435  (283) 2,692
 Corporate debt securities  (19) 1,112  (50) 410
 Collateralized loan and other debt obligations  (49) 2,065  (46) 218
 Other  (49) 3,034  (27) 129
    Total debt securities  (533) 17,485  (472) 3,981
 Perpetual preferred securities  (40) 654  - -
      Total$ (573) 18,139  (472) 3,981

Contractual Maturities

The following table shows the remaining contractual maturities and contractual weighted-average yields (taxable-equivalent basis) of debt securities. The remaining contractual principal maturities for MBS do not consider prepayments. Remaining expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature.

                             
                             
             Remaining contractual maturity 
                 After one year After five years     
          Total   Within one year through five years through ten years  After ten years 
(in millions)amount Yield AmountYield AmountYield AmountYield AmountYield 
                             
December 31, 2013                    
                             
Available-for-sale securities (1):                   
 Securities of U.S. Treasury                   
  and federal agencies$ 6,280 1.66%$ 86 0.54%$ 701 1.45%$ 5,493 1.71%$ - -%
 Securities of U.S. states and                    
  political subdivisions 42,536 5.30   4,915 1.84   7,901 2.19   3,151 5.19   26,569 6.89 
 Mortgage-backed securities:                   
  Federal agencies  117,591 3.33   1 7.14   398 2.71   956 3.46   116,236 3.33 
  Residential  12,453 4.31   - -   - -   113 5.43   12,340 4.30 
  Commercial  18,747 5.24   - -   52 3.33   59 0.96   18,636 5.26 
   Total mortgage-backed                    
    securities  148,791 3.65   1 7.14   450 2.78   1,128 3.52   147,212 3.66 
 Corporate debt securities  21,227 4.18   6,136 2.06   7,255 4.22   6,528 5.80   1,308 5.77 
 Collateralized loan and                    
  other debt obligations 20,159 1.59   40 0.25   1,100 0.63   7,750 1.29   11,269 1.89 
 Other   9,629 1.80   906 2.53   2,977 1.74   1,243 1.64   4,503 1.73 
    Total debt securities                   
     at fair value$ 248,622 3.69%$ 12,084 1.99%$ 20,384 2.75%$ 25,293 3.14%$ 190,861 3.97%
                             
Held-to-maturity securities (1):                   
 Federal agency mortgage-                   
  backed securities (2)$ 6,205 3.90%$ - -%$ - -%$ - -%$ 6,205 3.90%
 Other (3)  6,042 1.89   195 1.72   4,468 1.87   1,379 1.98   - - 
    Total held-to-maturity                   
     securities at fair value$ 12,247 2.92%$ 195 1.72%$ 4,468 1.87%$ 1,379 1.98%$ 6,205 3.90%
                             
December 31, 2012                    
                             
Available-for-sale securities:                    
 Securities of U.S. Treasury                    
  and federal agencies$ 7,146 1.59%$ 376 0.43%$ 661 1.24%$ 6,109 1.70%$ - -%
 Securities of U.S. states and                     
  political subdivisions  38,676 5.29   1,861 2.61   11,620 2.18   3,380 5.51   21,815 7.15 
 Mortgage-backed securities:                    
  Federal agencies  97,285 3.82   1 5.40   106 4.87   1,144 3.41   96,034 3.83 
  Residential   15,931 4.38   - -   - -   569 2.06   15,362 4.47 
  Commercial  19,968 5.33   - -   78 3.69   101 2.84   19,789 5.35 
   Total mortgage-backed                     
    securities  133,184 4.12   1 5.40   184 4.37   1,814 2.95   131,185 4.13 
 Corporate debt securities  21,333 4.26   1,037 4.29   12,792 3.19   6,099 6.14   1,405 5.88 
 Collateralized loan and                    
  other debt obligations  13,188 1.35   44 0.96   1,246 0.71   7,376 1.01   4,522 2.08 
 Other  18,887 1.85   1,715 1.14   9,589 1.75   3,274 2.11   4,309 2.14 
    Total debt securities                    
     at fair value$ 232,414 3.91%$ 5,034 2.28%$ 36,092 2.37%$ 28,052 3.07%$ 163,236 4.44%
                             
(1)Weighted-average yields displayed by maturity bucket are weighted based on fair value for available-for-sale securities and amortized cost for held-to-maturity securities. 
(2)Total amortized cost of federal agency mortgage-backed securities was $6.3 billion at December 31, 2013, with a remaining contractual maturity of after ten years. 
(3)Total amortized cost of other debt securities was $6.0 billion at December 31, 2013, with remaining contractual maturities of within one year, after one year through five years, and after five years through ten years of $0.2 billion, $4.4 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2013. 
                             

Realized Gains and Losses

The following table shows the gross realized gains and losses on sales and OTTI write-downs related to the investment securities portfolio, which includes marketable equity securities, as well as net realized gains and losses on nonmarketable equity investments (see Note 7 – Other Assets).

 

 

         
      Year ended December 31,
(in millions)  2013 2012 2011
Gross realized gains$ 492 600 1,305
Gross realized losses  (24) (73) (70)
OTTI write-downs  (183) (256) (541)
 Net realized gains from investment securities  285 271 694
Net realized gains from nonmarketable equity investments  1,158 1,086 842
  Net realized gains from debt securities and equity investments$ 1,443 1,357 1,536
         

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

The following table shows the detail of total OTTI write-downs included in earnings for debt securities, marketable equity securities and nonmarketable equity investments.

 

           
         Year ended December 31,
(in millions)   2013 2012 2011
OTTI write-downs included in earnings    
 Debt securities:    
  U.S. states and political subdivisions$ 2 16 2
  Mortgage-backed securities:    
   Federal agencies  1 - -
   Residential   72 84 252
   Commercial  53 86 101
  Corporate debt securities  4 11 3
  Collateralized loan and other debt obligations  - 1 1
  Other debt securities  26 42 64
    Total debt securities  158 240 423
 Equity securities:    
  Marketable equity securities:    
   Perpetual preferred securities  - 12 96
   Other marketable equity securities  25 4 22
    Total marketable equity securities  25 16 118
     Total investment securities  183 256 541
  Nonmarketable equity investments  161 160 170
      Total OTTI write-downs included in earnings$ 344 416 711
           

Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Debt Securities

The following table shows the detail of OTTI write-downs on debt securities included in earnings and the related changes in OCI for the same securities.

 

          
      Year ended December 31,
(in millions)  201320122011
OTTI on debt securities    
 Recorded as part of gross realized losses:    
  Credit-related OTTI$ 107 237 422
  Intent-to-sell OTTI  51 3 1
   Total recorded as part of gross realized losses  158 240 423
 Changes to OCI for increase (decrease) in non-credit-related OTTI (1):    
  U.S. states and political subdivisions  (2) 1 (1)
  Residential mortgage-backed securities  (27) (178) (171)
  Commercial mortgage-backed securities  (90) (88) 105
  Corporate debt securities  - 1 2
  Collateralized loan and other debt obligations  (1) (1) 4
  Other debt securities  1 28 (13)
   Total changes to OCI for non-credit-related OTTI  (119) (237) (74)
    Total OTTI losses recorded on debt securities$ 39 3 349
          

 

The following table presents a rollforward of the credit loss component recognized in earnings for debt securities we still own (referred to as “credit-impaired” debt securities). The credit loss component of the amortized cost represents the difference between the present value of expected future cash flows discounted using the security's current effective interest rate and the amortized cost basis of the security prior to considering credit losses. OTTI recognized in earnings for credit-impaired debt securities is presented as additions and is classified into one of two components based upon whether the current period is the first time the debt security was credit-impaired (initial credit impairment) or if the debt security was previously credit-impaired (subsequent credit impairments). The credit loss component is reduced if we sell, intend to sell or believe we will be required to sell previously credit-impaired debt securities. Additionally, the credit loss component is reduced if we receive or expect to receive cash flows in excess of what we previously expected to receive over the remaining life of the credit-impaired debt security, the security matures or is fully written down.

Changes in the credit loss component of credit-impaired debt securities that were recognized in earnings and related to securities that we do not intend to sell are presented in the following table.

          
      Year ended December 31,
(in millions) 201320122011
Credit loss component, beginning of year$ 1,289 1,272 1,043
Additions:    
 Initial credit impairments  21 55 87
 Subsequent credit impairments  86 182 335
  Total additions  107 237 422
Reductions:    
 For securities sold or matured  (194) (194) (160)
 For securities derecognized due to changes in consolidation status of variable interest entities  - - (2)
 For recoveries of previous credit impairments (1)  (31) (26) (31)
  Total reductions  (225) (220) (193)
Credit loss component, end of year$ 1,171 1,289 1,272
          

 

To determine credit impairment losses for asset-backed securities (e.g., residential MBS, commercial MBS), we estimate expected future cash flows of the security by estimating the expected future cash flows of the underlying collateral and applying those collateral cash flows, together with any credit enhancements such as subordinated interests owned by third parties, to the security. The expected future cash flows of the underlying collateral are determined using the remaining contractual cash flows adjusted for future expected credit losses (which consider current delinquencies and nonperforming assets (NPAs), future expected default rates and collateral value by vintage and geographic region) and prepayments. The expected cash flows of the security are then discounted at the security's current effective interest rate to arrive at a present value amount. Total credit impairment losses on residential MBS that we do not intend to sell are shown in the table below. The table also presents a summary of the significant inputs considered in determining the measurement of the credit loss component recognized in earnings for residential MBS.

            
      Year ended December 31,
($ in millions)  2013  2012 2011
Credit impairment losses on residential MBS      
 Investment grade$ -  -  5
 Non-investment grade  72  84  247
     Total credit impairment losses on residential MBS$ 72  84  252
            
Significant inputs (non-agency – non-investment grade MBS)      
Expected remaining life of loan loss rate (1):      
 Range (2) 0-20%1-44 0-48
 Credit impairment loss rate distribution (3):      
  0 - 10% range  91  77  42
  10 - 20% range  8  11  18
  20 - 30% range  1  4  28
  Greater than 30%  -  8  12
 Weighted average loss rate (4)  6  8  12
Current subordination levels (5):      
 Range (2) 0-41 0-57 0-25
 Weighted average (4)  -  2  4
Prepayment speed (annual CPR (6)):      
 Range (2) 4-27 5-29 3-19
 Weighted average (4)  16  15  11
            
            

 

 

Total credit impairment losses on commercial MBS that we do not intend to sell were $28 million, $86 million, and $101 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Significant inputs considered in determining the credit impairment losses for commercial MBS are the expected remaining life of loan loss rates and current subordination levels. Prepayment activity on commercial MBS does not significantly impact the determination of their credit impairment because, unlike residential MBS, commercial MBS experience significantly lower prepayments due to certain contractual restrictions, impacting the borrower's ability to prepay the mortgage. The expected remaining life of loan loss rates for commercial MBS with credit impairment losses ranged from 4% to 15%, 3% to 18%, and 4% to 18%, while the current subordination level ranges were 0% to 21%, 0% to 13%, and 3% to 15% for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.


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