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9. | DEFERRED CHARGES AND OTHER ASSETS |
“Deferred charges and other assets, net” primarily includes turnaround and catalyst costs, which are deferred and amortized as discussed in Note 1. Amortization expense for deferred refinery turnaround and catalyst costs and other assets was $498 million, $459 million, and $444 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
